271
29
2
23
8
Cat. No. | Product Name | ||
---|---|---|---|
L2200 | 酪氨酸激酶分子库 | 1016 compounds | |
1016 种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的独特集合,可用于高通量筛选和高内涵筛选; | |||
L8500 | HIF-1化合物库 | 1336 compounds | |
1336 个HIF-1相关小分子的独特集合,可用于缺血性疾病、癌症等相关领域的药物开发和药理研究; |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
T1532 |
Pidotimod
|
Others; Antibacterial | Microbiology/Virology; Others |
Pidotimod 是一种具有免疫调节特性的合成二肽。它增加巨噬细胞活性和体液免疫功能。它可研究慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病 、支气管扩张、慢性特发性荨麻疹等。 | |||
T5036 |
cangrelor tetrasodium
|
GPR; P2Y Receptor | Endocrinology/Hormones; GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
Cangrelor tetrasodium 是三磷酸腺苷类似物,是可逆的选择性血小板P2Y12拮抗剂,也是非特异性的GPR17拮抗剂。它直接阻断腺苷二磷酸诱导的血小板活化和聚集,具有迅速有效的抗血小板作用。 | |||
T12268 |
NTP42
|
Prostaglandin Receptor; PPAR | DNA Damage/DNA Repair; GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolism |
NTP42 是血栓素 A2 (TXA2) 受体的拮抗剂,IC50为 3.278 nM,可用于肺动脉高压的相关研究。 | |||
T9592 |
OATD-01
|
Others | Others |
OATD-01 是一种壳三糖苷酶及酸性哺乳动物几丁质酶的高活性抑制剂,对CHIT1具有低纳摩尔活性 (hCHIT1,IC50=23 nM)。它在多个物种中显示出良好的药代动力学特征,在体内具有显著的抗纤维化活性,可用于研究肺纤维化。 | |||
T9688 |
CC-90001
|
JNK | MAPK |
CC-90001 是口服有效的 c-Jun N 末端激酶选择性抑制剂。在基于细胞的模型中,CC-90001显示出对JNK1的选择性是JNK2的 12.9 倍。CC-90001在特发性肺纤维化方面有研究价值。 | |||
T6792 |
BQ-123
BQ123 |
Endothelin Receptor | GPCR/G Protein |
BQ-123 是高效的内皮素 A(ETA)受体选择性拮抗剂,其IC50=7.3 nM,Ki=25 nM。它能够降低高血压大鼠血压,抑制内皮素-1 介导的人肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖。 | |||
T8313 |
HCH6-1
|
Others | Others |
HCH6-1 是甲酰肽受体 1 的竞争性二肽拮抗剂。它能够抑制 fMLF (FPR1激动剂) 特异性激活的人中性粒细胞的趋化性、超氧阴离子生成和弹性酶释放。动物实验中,它对急性肺损伤具有保护作用,可用于研究 FPR1 参与的炎症性肺部疾病。 | |||
T9699 |
TAK-615
|
LPA Receptor | GPCR/G Protein |
TAK-615常用于研究肺纤维化,是一种LPA1受体的负变构调节剂。 | |||
T6054 |
GSK256066
|
PDE | Metabolism |
GSK256066 是高亲和力的、选择性的PDE4抑制剂,IC50=3.2 pM,被开发用于慢性阻塞性肺病的研究。 | |||
T11339 |
Furegrelate sodium
U-63557A |
PPAR | DNA Damage/DNA Repair; Metabolism |
Furegrelate sodium (U-63557A) 是口服有效的、血栓素合酶选择性抑制剂,抑制人血小板微粒体血栓素 A2 (TxA2) 合酶的 IC50为 15 nM。它正在开发作为抗血小板药物。 | |||
T1841 |
UNC0379
|
Histone Methyltransferase | Chromatin/Epigenetic |
UNC0379 是一种选择性的、底物竞争性的赖氨酸甲基转移酶 SETD8 抑制剂,IC50值为 7.3 μM,也选择性抑制其他 15 种甲基转移酶。 | |||
T4503 |
Talniflumate
Somalgen,他尼氟酯 |
Chloride channel; COX; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase; Anion Exchanger | Immunology/Inflammation; Membrane transporter/Ion channel; Metabolism; Neuroscience |
Talniflumate (Somalgen) 是一种钙激活氯离子通道 (hCLCA1/mCLCA3) 阻滞剂,可减少动物模型和细胞培养中的粘蛋白合成和释放。它通过抑制环氧合酶,并抑制 Cl-/HCO3- 交换活性,具有抗炎作用。它还增加了远端肠梗阻综合征囊性纤维化小鼠模型的存活率。 | |||
T21712 |
BAY 41-8543
|
Others; Guanylate cyclase | GPCR/G Protein; Others |
BAY 41-8543 是一种不依赖一氧化氮的可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶 (sGC) 刺激剂,具有抗血小板作用。它在大鼠的肺和全身血管床中具有血管舒张活性,有用于心血管疾病的研究潜力。 | |||
T0120 |
Voriconazole
UK-109496,伏立康唑 |
Antifection; Antifungal | Microbiology/Virology |
Voriconazole (UK-109496) 是一种三唑类抗真菌剂,可抑制真菌麦角甾醇的生物合成。它特异性抑制由真菌细胞色素 P450 酶介导的 14-α-羊毛甾醇去甲基化作用 | |||
T30258 |
AZD-4818
CCR1 antagonist |
CCR | Immunology/Inflammation; Microbiology/Virology |
AZD-4818 (CCR1 antagonist) 是趋化因子CCR1的一种拮抗剂,可用于研究慢性阻塞性肺病。 | |||
T8900 |
Seralutinib
GB002 |
PDGFR | Angiogenesis; Tyrosine Kinase/Adaptors |
Seralutinib (GB002) 是可吸入的PDGFRα 和 PDGFRβ激酶抑制剂,可用于研究肺动脉高压。 | |||
T2561 |
Macitentan
马西替坦,ACT-064992 |
Apoptosis; Endothelin Receptor | Apoptosis; GPCR/G Protein |
Macitentan (ACT-064992) 是一种内皮素受体拮抗剂,用于治疗肺动脉高压。 | |||
T23322 |
SB 452533
|
TRP/TRPV Channel | Membrane transporter/Ion channel |
SB 452533 是TRPV1的选择性拮抗剂,pKb 为 7.8。 | |||
T14782 |
Brilaroxazine
RP5063 |
Dopamine Receptor; 5-HT Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
Brilaroxazine (RP5063) 是一种有效的多模式多巴胺/5-HT 调节剂。 Brilaroxazine 是多巴胺 D2、D3 和 D4 受体、5-HT1A (Ki = 1.5 nM) 和 5-HT2A (Ki = 2.5 nM) 的部分激动剂,具有拮抗活性 5-HT2B 和 5-HT7 受体,Ki 分别为 0.19 nM 和 2.7 nM。 Brilaroxazine 可用于研究神经精神和神经系统疾病的认知障碍。 | |||
T22358 |
Etalocib
LY293111,VML295 |
Apoptosis; Leukotriene Receptor; LTR | Apoptosis; GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation |
Etalocib (LY293111) 是一种具有口服活性的白三烯(LTB4)受体的拮抗剂,抑制 [3H]LTB4结合的 Ki 值为 25 nM。它还可诱导凋亡。它抑制 LTB4诱导的钙动员,lC50值为 20 nM。 | |||
T6547 |
Ipratropium Bromide
Sch 1000,异丙托溴铵,Itrop,Atrovent |
AChR | Neuroscience |
Ipratropium Bromide (Sch 1000) 是毒蕈碱的受体的拮抗剂,可用于 COPD 和哮喘等研究,对 M1、M2 和 M3 受体的结合的IC50值分别为 2.9、2 和 1.7 nM。 | |||
T4016 |
BMS-986020
AM152,BMS986020 |
LPA Receptor; LPL Receptor | GPCR/G Protein |
BMS-986020 (AM152) 是一种高亲和力溶血磷脂酸受体 1 拮抗剂,有用于特发性肺纤维化的研究潜力。它抑制胆汁酸和磷脂转运蛋白,抑制 BSEP、MRP4 和 MDR3,IC50值分别为 4.8、6.2 和 7.5 μM。 | |||
T22245 |
Arformoterol Tartrate
(R,R)-Formoterol tartrate,酒石酸福莫特罗 |
Adrenergic Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
Arformoterol Tartrate ((R,R)-Formoterol tartrate) 是一种长效 β2-肾上腺素能受体 (β2-AR) 激动剂,Kd=2.9 nM。它是一种 Formoterol 的 (R,R)-对映异构体,可用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 的研究。 | |||
T6445 |
Cilomilast
SB-207499,西洛司特,Ariflo |
PDE | Metabolism |
Cilomilast (SB-207499) 是选择性的、口服具有活性的磷酸二酯酶 4 抑制剂。 它对 PDE4 的选择性高于 PDE1,PDE2,PDE3 和 PDE5 (IC50=74,65,>100,83 µM)。它具有抗炎和免疫调节功能,可用于研究哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 | |||
T21389 |
Enprofylline
Enprofilina,3-propylxanthine,3-n-Propylxanthine,Enprofyllinum,恩丙茶碱 |
Others | Others |
Enprofylline (Enprofilina) 是具有选择性的 A2B 受体竞争性拮抗剂 (Ki:7 μM) ,也是磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。它可用于研究哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 | |||
T0098 |
Ipratropium bromide monohydrate
Ipratropium bromide hydrate,溴化异丙托品单水合物 |
AChR | Neuroscience |
Ipratropium bromide monohydrate (Ipratropium bromide hydrate) 是一种毒蕈碱拮抗剂,结构上与阿托品相关,但它通常被认为对吸入使用更安全、更有效。它用于各种支气管疾病、鼻炎和抗心律失常。 | |||
T0239 |
Lonidamine
AF1890,氯尼达明,DICA,Diclondazolic Acid |
Apoptosis; Hexokinase; Mitochondrial Metabolism | Apoptosis; Metabolism |
Lonidamine (Diclondazolic Acid) 是一种抗肿瘤药物,是己糖激酶、线粒体丙酮酸载体和质膜单羧酸转运蛋白抑制剂,同时也抑制线粒体复合物 II。 | |||
T26795 |
PXS-4728A
BI-1467335,BI 1467335,BI1467335,BI-1467335 HCl |
Monoamine Oxidase | Neuroscience |
BI-1467335 HCl(BI 1467335) 是口服具有活性的、选择性的氨基脲敏感性胺氧化酶(SSAO) 抑制剂。PXS-4728A (BI 1467335) 能够改善小鼠的慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 | |||
T8236 |
RHC 80267
U-57908 |
Others; Phospholipase; COX; Acyltransferase; AChR | Immunology/Inflammation; Metabolism; Neuroscience; Others |
RHC 80267 (U-57908) 是一种选择性二酰基甘油脂酶(DAGL)抑制剂,对犬血小板的IC50为 4 μM。它抑制COX 活性和磷脂酰胆碱的水解,还抑制胆碱酯酶活性,IC50为 4 μM,增强乙酰胆碱引起的松弛。 | |||
T2663 |
GTS-21 dihydrochloride
GTS 21 dihydrochloride,DMXB-A,DMBX-anabaseine |
5-HT Receptor; AChR | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
GTS-21 dihydrochloride (DMBX-anabaseine) 是一种选择性 α7 烟碱乙酰胆碱受体激动剂,具有抗炎和增强认知的活性。它也是一种拮抗剂,对人α4β2的 Ki 为20 nM,对5-HT3A 受体的 IC50为3.1 μM。 | |||
TP1016L |
Aviptadil Acetate
醋酸阿肽地尔,阿肽地尔,Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide acetate salt |
RAAS; SARS-CoV | Endocrinology/Hormones; Microbiology/Virology |
Aviptadil Acetate (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide acetate salt) 是模拟血管活性肠多肽类似物,具有血管舒张效应。它可诱导肺血管舒张并抑制血管 SMC 的增殖和血小板聚集。它可用于研究 SARS-CoV-2 引起的肺纤维化、肺动脉高压和呼吸衰竭。 | |||
T3034 |
Eprazinone dihydrochloride
Resplen,Mucitux,Eftapan,NSC 317935,盐酸依普拉酮,依普拉酮二盐酸,Eprazinone 2HCl |
Others; Neurokinin receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience; Others |
Eprazinone dihydrochloride (NSC 317935) 是一种具有镇咳和粘液溶解作用的粘液溶解剂。它是神经激肽 1 受体的配体,可改善肺功能和动脉血氧分压,可用于慢性支气管炎的研究。 | |||
T1083L |
Theophylline monohydrate
Quibron,茶碱一水合物 |
HDAC; PDE; Adenosine Receptor | Chromatin/Epigenetic; DNA Damage/DNA Repair; GPCR/G Protein; Metabolism; Neuroscience |
Theophylline monohydrate (Quibron) 似乎抑制磷酸二酯酶和前列腺素的产生,调节钙通量和细胞内钙分布,并拮抗腺苷。茶碱是黄嘌呤的天然生物碱衍生物,从植物山茶花和小粒咖啡中分离出来。在生理上,该药剂可放松支气管平滑肌,产生血管舒张(脑血管除外),刺激中枢神经系统,刺激心肌,利尿,增加胃酸分泌;它还可以抑制炎症并改善横膈膜的收缩性。 | |||
T9199 |
GLPG2938
1-(2-Ethoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)-3-((5-methyl-6-(1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)methyl)urea |
S1P Receptor; LPL Receptor | GPCR/G Protein |
GLPG2938 (1-(2-Ethoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl)-3-((5-methyl-6-(1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)methyl)urea) 是一种选择性 S1P2拮抗剂,可用于特发性肺纤维化的研究。 | |||
T3148 |
MK-571 sodium
L-660711 (sodium salt),L-660711 sodium salt,Verlukast sodium,L-660711,MK571,MK-571 sodium salt,Propanoic acid |
Leukotriene Receptor; LTR | GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation |
MK-571 sodium (L-660711 sodium salt) 是一种可口服的选择性白三烯 D4受体拮抗剂,在豚鼠和人肺膜的 Ki 分别为0.22 和 2.1 nM。 | |||
T0794 |
Mepenzolate Bromide
Colibantil,Cantil,溴美喷酯,Cantilaque |
AChR | Neuroscience |
Mepenzolate Bromide (Colibantil) 是一种可口服的毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂,对hM2R 和hM3R 的Ki 分别为 0.68 和 2.6 nM。它是GPR109A 抑制剂,可用于抑制与肠易激综合征相关的胃肠道过度运动。 | |||
T3216 |
Selexipag
NS-304,ACT-293987,赛乐西帕,Uptravi |
Others; Prostaglandin Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation; Others |
Selexipag (ACT-293987) 是前列环素受体激动剂,可引起肺血管舒张,用于治疗肺动脉高压。 | |||
T34387 |
Ronomilast
AWD 12353,ELB-353,Elbimilast,ELB353,ELB 353 |
Others | Others |
Ronomilast (ELB353) 可用于研究阻塞性肺疾。 | |||
T60388 |
MIF098
|
Others | Others |
MIF098 是一种巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子 (MIF) 拮抗剂。MIF098,抑制与 SLE 相关的肺动脉高压,抑制肺平滑肌细胞(PASMC)增殖和迁移。MIF098 可用于研究特发性肺动脉高压。 | |||
T33386 |
Milveterol HCl
Milveterol,GSK-159797,GSK 159797,GSK159797 |
Adrenergic Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
Milveterol HCl 是一种长效β(2)-肾上腺素能受体激动剂,可用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。 | |||
T4041 |
Ziritaxestat
GLPG1690 |
PDE | Metabolism |
Ziritaxestat (GLPG1690) 是一种创新的 autotaxin (ATX)抑制剂,其 IC50=131 nM,Ki=15 nM。 | |||
T28991 |
Tofimilast
CP-325,366,CP-325366,CP325366,CP 325,366,CP 325366 |
PDE | Metabolism |
Tofimilast (CP-325366) 是一种 PDE4 抑制剂,可用于治疗哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。 | |||
T11339L |
Furegrelate
|
PPAR | DNA Damage/DNA Repair; Metabolism |
FUREGRELATE 是一种血栓素 A2 (TxA2) 合酶抑制剂,可减缓新生仔猪肺动脉高压的发展。 | |||
T72031 |
BI 1015550
|
PDE | Metabolism |
BI 1015550 是一种具有口服活性的PDE4B 抑制剂,IC50值为 7.2 nM。BI 1015550 具有良好的安全性,在炎症、过敏疾病、肺纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 中有潜在应用。 | |||
T30232 |
AWD 12-281
GSK 842470,GSK-842470,AWD12-281,AWD-12-281,GW 842470 |
PDE | Metabolism |
AWD 12-281 是一种选择性磷酸二酯酶 4 (PDE4) 抑制剂,具有抗炎活性和支气管扩张活性,用于研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)。 | |||
T12850 |
Dilmapimod
SB-681323,GW 681323,度马莫得 |
p38 MAPK; Autophagy | Autophagy; MAPK |
Dilmapimod (SB-681323) 是一种 p38 MAPK 的强效抑制剂,可抑制慢性阻塞性肺疾病的炎症。 | |||
T29844 |
Alconil
Al 1567,Al1567,Al-1567 |
Reductase | Endocrinology/Hormones; Metabolism |
Alconil (Al 1567) 是一种醛糖还原酶抑制剂,可用于研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和糖尿病。 | |||
T13389 |
ZD-0892
|
Serine Protease | Proteases/Proteasome |
ZD-0892是一种具有选择性和高效的中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶抑制剂,抑制人嗜中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶和猪胰弹性蛋白酶,可以逆转大鼠产生的晚期肺血管疾病,可用于研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和外周血管疾病(PVD)。 | |||
T69665 |
Zelasudil
RXC007 |
ROCK | Cell Cycle/Checkpoint; Cytoskeletal Signaling; Stem Cells |
Zelasudil (RXC007) 是一种 Rho 相关 (ROCK) 激酶 抑制剂,可用于研究特发性肺纤维化和炎症。 | |||
T9877 |
Tiquizium
|
AChR | Neuroscience |
Tiquizium 具有有效的抗毒蕈碱作用,并在慢性阻塞性肺病患者中引起显着的支气管扩张。 |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
TN1355 |
Acanthoside B
无梗五加苷 B,刺五加提取物 |
Immunology/Inflammation related | Immunology/Inflammation |
Acanthoside B 是一种具有抗炎和抗遗忘作用的木脂素。 Acanthoside B 可用于关于阿尔茨海默病和肺部炎症的研究。 | |||
T5758 |
sphondin
6-甲氧基当归素,牛防风素,牛防风素 |
COX; Prostaglandin Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation; Neuroscience |
Sphondin 具有抗惊厥、抗炎和抗增殖活性,对 IL-1beta 诱导的 A549 细胞中 COX-2 蛋白水平和 PGE(2) 释放的增加具有抑制作用。 | |||
T3409 |
Plantamajoside
Y0160,C10485,大车前苷,车前子甙 |
Others | Others |
Plantamajoside (Y0160) 是一种苯丙烷类糖苷,从车前Plantago asiaticaL.中分离出来得到。它对 LPS 诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠模型具有保护作用。它对肺部炎症具有潜在的研究价值。 | |||
T1083 |
Theophylline
Theo-24,1,3-Dimethylxanthine,茶碱 |
Endogenous Metabolite; HDAC; PDE; Adenosine Receptor; Autophagy | Autophagy; Chromatin/Epigenetic; DNA Damage/DNA Repair; GPCR/G Protein; Metabolism; Neuroscience |
Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) 是茶中的甲基黄嘌呤衍生物,具有利尿、平滑肌松弛、支气管扩张、心脏和中枢神经系统兴奋作用。 | |||
T2223 |
Kinetin
激动素,6-Furfuryladenine,6-糠氨基嘌呤,N6-Furfuryladenine |
Others | Others |
Kinetin (N6-Furfuryladenine) 是 N6-取代腺嘌呤衍生物细胞分裂素家族成员,其中细胞分裂素是一种参与细胞分裂、分化等生理过程的植物生长激素。它具有抗衰老活性。 | |||
T0375 |
Atropine
DL-Hyoscyamine,阿托品,Tropine tropate,颠茄碱 |
Endogenous Metabolite; AChR | Metabolism; Neuroscience |
Atropine (DL-Hyoscyamine) 是竞争性的毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂,有抗近视效果。它是一种从颠茄植物中分离出来的天然生物碱,可阻断乙酰胆碱对心率和收缩力的抑制作用。 | |||
T0518 |
Methacycline hydrochloride
Rondomycin,盐酸甲烯土霉素,盐酸美他环素,Methacycline HCl |
ribosome; Antibacterial; Antibiotic | Microbiology/Virology |
Methacycline hydrochloride (Rondomycin) 是四环素抗生素,可抑制细菌蛋白质的合成。它是上皮-间质转化 (EMT) 抑制剂。它在体外可阻断 EMT,体内抑制纤维发生,不会直接影响 TGF-β1 Smad 信号传导。它是抗菌剂,有潜力研究肺纤维化。 | |||
T1680 |
Tolazoline hydrochloride
Imidaline hydrochloride,苯甲唑啉盐酸盐,Imidaline (hydrochloride),Benzidazol hydrochloride,Tolazoline HCl,NSC35110 (hydrochloride) |
Adrenergic Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Neuroscience |
Tolazoline hydrochloride (NSC35110(hydrochloride)) 是一种 α 肾上腺素受体抑制剂。 | |||
T2803 |
Monocrotaline
野百合碱,Crotaline |
TGF-beta/Smad | Stem Cells |
Monocrotaline (Crotaline) 是一种吡咯里西啶生物碱,从猪屎豆植物的种子中提取得到,可诱导啮齿动物产生肺动脉高血压。 | |||
T3S0401 |
Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside
白皮杉醇 3'-O-葡萄糖苷,Piceatannol 3-glycoside,Quzhaqigan,曲札茋苷、白皮杉醇-3'-O-葡萄糖苷 |
Arginase; NO Synthase | Immunology/Inflammation |
Piceatannol 3'-O-glucoside (Piceatannol 3-glycoside) 是大黄的一种活性成分,通过抑制精氨酸酶活性激活内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶,抑制Arginase I 和Arginase II,IC50值分别为 11.22 和 11.06 μM。它可增加肺血氧分压,减少肺间质水肿,从而保护肺损伤。 | |||
T6S0105 |
Peiminine
贝母素乙,Zhebeinone,Fritillarine,Raddeanine,Verticinone |
Others; Autophagy | Autophagy; Others |
Peiminine (Raddeanine) 是浙贝母中的一种生物碱,具有抗炎症活性。 | |||
T6S0119 |
Dauricine
蝙蝠葛碱 |
Apoptosis; Others; NF-κB | Apoptosis; NF-κB; Others |
Dauricine 是存在于北豆根粉末中的一种双苯异喹啉生物碱,具有抗炎活性。它通过抑制NF-κB 激活,剂量依赖性地抑制结肠癌细胞的增值和侵袭,并诱导凋亡。 | |||
T3821 |
Deapioplatycodin D
Deapi-platycodin D,去芹糖桔梗皂苷 D,去芹糖桔梗皂苷D,DesapioplatycodinD |
Others; HCV Protease | Microbiology/Virology; Others; Proteases/Proteasome |
Deapioplatycodin D 是从桔梗中分离出的一种三萜皂苷,具有抗丙型肝炎病毒活性。 | |||
T3S2007 |
MRE-269
3-氧代-12-烯-28-乌苏酸,MRE 269,ACT-333679,MRE269 |
Prostaglandin Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Immunology/Inflammation |
MRE-269 (ACT-333679) 是一种口服的长效前列环素受体激动剂前药,是 Selexipag 的活性代谢物,用于治疗肺动脉高压。 | |||
TN2089 |
Platycodin D3
桔梗皂苷D3,桔梗皂苷 D3 |
HCV Protease; NF-κB | Microbiology/Virology; NF-κB; Proteases/Proteasome |
Platycodin D3 是桔梗中有抗HCV 活性的一种三萜皂苷类天然产物。 | |||
T4953 |
Neotuberostemonine
|
NOS | Immunology/Inflammation |
Neotuberostemonine 是一种结核分枝杆菌根中主要的止咳生物碱,能够阻碍巨噬细胞的募集和活化,从而减轻博来霉素 (Bleomycin) 诱导的肺纤维化。 | |||
TN1936 |
Mogroside III-E
罗汉果皂苷ⅢE |
IL Receptor; TNF; TLR | Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation |
Mogroside IIIe 是一种葫芦烷型化合物,从罗汉果中分离得到,可抑制 NO 的释放,具有抗肺纤维化作用。 | |||
T2946 |
Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium
丹参酮IIA磺酸盐,丹参酮IIA-磺酸钠,Tanshinone IIA sulfonate,Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate,Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate,sodium |
CaMK; P450; Calcium Channel | Membrane transporter/Ion channel; Metabolism; Neuroscience |
Tanshinone IIA sulfonate sodium (Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate) 是从丹参中提取的丹参酮IIA 的水溶性衍生物,是SOCE 抑制剂,用于心血管疾病的研究。 | |||
T2S0690 |
Ecliptasaponin A
早莲苷 A,旱莲苷A,Echinocystic acid-3-o-glucoside |
Others | Others |
Ecliptasaponin A (Echinocystic acid-3-o-glucoside) 是一种墨旱莲 (Eclipta prostrate) 中分离得到的五环三萜皂苷。其中墨旱莲是一种具有多效作用的滋补草药,如抗炎、保肝、抗氧化和免疫调节。 | |||
T4S1102 |
Liensinine diperchlorate
莲心碱高氯酸盐,莲心碱二高氯酸盐,Liensinine-Perchlorate |
Mitophagy; Others; Autophagy | Autophagy; Others |
Liensinine Diperchlorate 是从芙蕖种子胚中提取的一种异喹啉生物碱。它通过阻断自噬小体-溶酶体融合来抑制晚期自噬,具有抗心律不齐、抗高血压、抗肺纤维化和血管平滑肌松弛等生物学活性。 | |||
T6S1049 |
Wilforine
|
ATPase | Membrane transporter/Ion channel |
Wilforine 是一倍半萜吡啶化合物,T. wilfordii 植物中的重要生物活性化合物,可有效治疗特发性肺纤维化。它具有抗炎和杀虫活性。 | |||
T4973 |
Paraxanthine
1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤,1,7-DIMETHYLXANTHINE |
Endogenous Metabolite | Metabolism |
Paraxanthine (1,7-dimethylxanthine) 是一种 caffeine 的代谢物,能够刺激Ryanodine 受体通道来抑制多巴胺能细胞的死亡。 | |||
TN3469 |
Aucuparin
2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol |
NADPH-oxidase | Immunology/Inflammation |
Aucuparin (2,6-dimethoxy-4-phenylphenol) 是一种植物抗菌素,具有抗炎活性。 在博来霉素 (BLM) 诱导的肺纤维化小鼠模型中,Aucuparin 抑制肺纤维化。 在经ABTS 和FRAP 测定显示出明显的清除活性。 Aucuparin 对fmlp 诱导的人中性粒细胞产生超氧化物具有明显的抑制作用,其IC50为17.0μM。 | |||
T3795 |
Corilagin
|
Apoptosis; TLR; Reverse Transcriptase; Antibacterial; Autophagy | Apoptosis; Autophagy; Immunology/Inflammation; Microbiology/Virology |
Corilagin 是一种鞣酸,有抑制 RNA 肿瘤病毒逆转录酶的活性。它抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,MIC 为 25 μg/mL。它有抗肿瘤活性,可用于肝癌和卵巢癌。 | |||
T4S2063 |
Tetrahydrocoptisine
人血草碱,STYLOPINE |
ERK; p38 MAPK; NF-κB | MAPK; NF-κB |
Tetrahydrocoptisine (STYLOPINE) 具有抑制炎症的有效作用。它通过抑制 NF-κB 信号通路对 LPS 诱导的 ALI 具有保护作用,这可能涉及抑制肺部炎症过程。它具有胃保护活性,归因于减少 NO 产生和调节促炎细胞因子,抑制中性粒细胞积累和 NF-κB 表达。它是一种活性抗炎成分,通过下调 NF-κB 活化、磷酸化 ERK1/2 和磷酸化-p38MAPK 信号通路抑制 TNF-α、IL-6 和 NO 的产生。 | |||
T40634 |
Perilla ketone
|
Others | Others |
Perilla ketone is a naturally occurring xenobiotic compound that undergoes activation by pulmonary P450 cytochrome enzymes within the lung. This activation leads to the manifestation of severe pulmonary damage and the development of diffuse pulmonary edema. | |||
TN4654 |
Niazirin
|
Others | Others |
The Moringa oleifera extract(including niaziridin and Niazirin) can successfully attenuate the development of pulmonary hypertension via direct vasodilatation and a potential increase in antioxidant activity. | |||
TN1806 |
Isotetrandrine
|
IL Receptor; NF-κB; MAPK | Immunology/Inflammation; MAPK; NF-κB |
Isotetrandrine is a small molecule inhibitor, on various aspects of LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. It dose-dependently suppresses the severity of LPS-induced ALI by inactivation of MAPK and NF-κB, which may involve the inhibition of tissue | |||
T20636 |
Latrunculin B
LAT-B,LATB,NSC 339663,NSC339663,NSC-339663,LAT B,INS115644 |
Antifungal | Microbiology/Virology |
Latrunculin B 是一种 来自红海海绵的生物碱,是一种肌动蛋白聚合 (actin polymerization) 抑制剂,具有抗真菌和抗原生动物活性。Latrunculin B 调节肺静脉电生理特征并减轻牵张性心律失常的发生,可用于研究青少年青光眼。 |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Species | Expression System |
---|---|---|---|
TMPH-01979 |
SFTPB Protein, Human, Recombinant
SFTPB,Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B,6 k... |
Human | P. pastoris (Yeast) |
Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins promote alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the peripheral air spaces. SP-B increases the collapse pressure of palmitic acid to nearly 70 millinewtons per meter. SFTPB Protein, Human, Recombinant is expressed in yeast. The predicted molecular weight is 8.7 kDa and the accession number is P07988. | |||
TMPH-01980 |
SFTPC Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST)
Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteolipid SPL(Val... |
Human | E. coli |
SFTPC Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST) is expressed in E. coli. | |||
TMPH-01978 |
SFTPA1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (B2M & His & Myc)
Alveolar proteinosis protein,Pulmonary surfactant-a... |
Human | E. coli |
In presence of calcium ions, it binds to surfactant phospholipids and contributes to lower the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli of the mammalian lung and is essential for normal respiration. Enhances the expression of MYO18A/SP-R210 on alveolar macrophages.; (Microbial infection) Recognition of M.tuberculosis by dendritic cells may occur partially via this molecule. Can recognize, bind, and opsonize pathogens to enhance their elimination by alveolar macrophages. SFTPA1 ... | |||
TMPJ-00527 |
SP-D Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
Lung Surfactant Protein D,SFTP4,COLEC7,SFTPD,PSP-D,SP-D,... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Surfactant Pulmonary-Associated Protein D (SP-D) is a 43 kDa member of the collectin family of innate immune modulators. Its principal components consist of a collagen-like region and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), a structure that places it in a subset of pattern recognition proteins termed defense collagens. SP-D is constitutively secreted by alveolar lining cells and epithelium associated with tubular structures and induced in cardiac smooth muscle and endothelial cells. ... | |||
TMPY-00566 |
CCL18 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
PARC,CCL18,CKb7,DC-CK1,chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18,MIP-4... |
Human | P. pastoris (Yeast) |
CCL18 is a chemotactic cytokine involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including cancer. Proof showed high levels of CCL18 in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients suggesting its potential as a circulating biomarker. CCL18 chemokine has an important role in chemokine-mediated tumor metastasis, and may serve as a potential predictor for poor survival outcomes for ovarian cancer. (CCL18) is predominantly secreted by M2-tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) a... | |||
TMPY-02062 |
SULT1A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
HAST1/HAST2,PST,P-PST,ST1A1,STP,sulfotransferase family, cyt... |
Human | E. coli |
Sulfate conjugation catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes. The SULTs are Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the addition of a sulfuryl moiety to both endogenous compounds, including steroids and neurotransmitters, and certain xenobiotics, including N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminoflourine and phenolic compounds, like alpha-naphthol. SULTs may be involved in the individual genetic disposition, species differences, and organotropisms for toxicological effects of chemicals. Pa... | |||
TMPY-02869 |
MMP-12 Protein, Human, Recombinant (catalytic domain)
HME,ME,MMP-12,MME,matrix metallopeptidase 12 |
Human | E. coli |
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play essential roles in various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, differentiation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling, as well as pathological processes including inflammation, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, and tumor invasion. Macrophage Metalloelastase, also known as Matrix metalloproteinase-12, Macrophage elastase, ... | |||
TMPY-01442 |
DMBT1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
GP340,deleted in malignant brain tumors 1,muclin |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein, also known as glycoprotein 34, surfactant pulmonary-associated D-binding protein, DMBT1 and GP34, is a secreted protein which belongs to theDMBT1 family. DMBT1 contains 2CUB domains, 14SRCR domains and 1ZP domain. It is highly expressed in alveolar and macrophage tissues. In some macrophages, expression is detected on the membrane, and in other macrophages, it is strongly expressed in the phagosome/phagolysosome compartments. Defects in DMBT1 are invo... | |||
TMPJ-01129 |
SMAD1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (GST)
hSMAD1,Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-Signaling Protein 1,T... |
Human | E. coli |
SMAD Family Member 1 (SMAD1) is a member of the dwarfin/SMAD family. SMAD1 has the highest expression in the heart and skeletal muscle, containing one MAD homology 1 domain and one MAD homology 2 domain, As a transcriptional modulator SMAD 1 is activated by bone morphogenetic proteins type 1 receptor kinase. Defects in SMAD1 may cause primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH1), characterized by plexiform lesions of proliferating endothelial cells in pulmonary arterioles. The lesions lead to elevated ... | |||
TMPY-06810 |
SFTPB Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
SFTP3,SMDP1,PSP-B,SFTB3,SP-B |
Human | CHO Cells |
Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B, also known as SFTPB and SP-B, contains one saposin A-type domain and three saposin B-type domains. SP-B is produced primarily by alveolar type II cells (AEC2) but also by nonciliated respiratory epithelial cells lining distal portions of the respiratory tract. Its secretion promotes alveolar homeostasis, stabilizing lipid layers and lowering surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the peripheral air spaces. Alveolar SP-B influences surfactant for... | |||
TMPK-00867 |
EMAP-II/AIMP1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His)
p43,SCYE1,HLD3,EMAP-II,AIMP1,EMAP-2 |
Mouse | E. coli |
The potent antiangiogenic and proinflammatory protein Endothelial Monocyte Activating Polypeptide II (EMAP II) has been described as a mediator of pulmonary vascular and alveolar formation and its expression is inversely related to the periods of vascularization and alveolarization in the developing lung. Hence the study of EMAP II could play a vital role in studying and devising appropriate therapeutics for diseases of aberrant lung development, such as BPD. | |||
TMPJ-01146 |
LGALSL Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
Lectin Galactoside-Binding-Like Protein,HSPC159,Galectin-Rel... |
Human | E. coli |
Galectin-Related Protein (LGALSL) is a 172 amino acid protein that contains one Galectin domain. LGALSL does not appear to bind carbohydrates or lactose as the critical residues required for binding are not conserved. LGALSL may play a significant role in stimulating smooth muscle growth in developing alveolar wall vessels and the development of pulmonary capillaries. | |||
TMPH-01080 |
Ceruloplasmin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc)
CP,Ceruloplasmin,Ferroxidase ceruloplasmin,Cuproxidase cerul... |
Human | E. coli |
Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense. Ceruloplasmin Protein, Human, Recombinant (His & Myc) is expressed in E. co... | |||
TMPY-04321 |
CHRNA5 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, α5 (neuronal),cholinergic r... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Genetic variation in the cluster on chromosome 15, encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4), has shown strong associations with tobacco consumption and an additional risk increase in smoking-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), peripheral artery disease and lung cancer. CHRNA5 may influence susceptibility to lung cancer among Han smokers. Genetic variation in nicotinic receptor alpha 5 (CHRNA5) has been associated with increa... | |||
TMPY-01481 |
FLAP Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
FLAP,arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein |
Human | Baculovirus Insect Cells |
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein (ALOX5AP), also known as FLAP, belongs to the MAPEG family. ALOX5AP/FLAP is an essential partner of 5-LO for this process. The FLAP (ALOX5AP) gene has been linked to risk for myocardial infarction, stroke and restenosis, reigniting pharmaceutical interest in this target. It had been found that ALOX5AP/FLAP is a key enzyme in leukotriene formation, in both human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and a transformed human brain endothelial cell ... | |||
TMPU-00002 |
SOS1-Cat Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
SOS-1,Son of sevenless homolog 1 |
Human | E. coli |
Defects in SOS1 are the cause of gingival fibromatosis 1 (GGF1) [MIM:135300]; also known as GINGF1. Gingival fibromatosis is a rare overgrowth condition. Defects in SOS1 are the cause of Noonan syndrome type 4 (NS4) [MIM:610733]. NS4 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, short stature, hypertelorism, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay, and a bleeding diathesis. It is a genetically heterogeneous and relatively common syndrome, with an estimated incid... | |||
TMPJ-00011 |
CXCL2 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant
Gro-beta,GRO β,GROB,melanoma growth stimulatory activity bet... |
Mouse | E. coli |
C-X-C motif chemokine 2 (CXCL2,MIP-2) belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. It was originally identified as a heparin-binding protein secreted from a murine macrophage cell line in response to endotoxin stimulation. The expression of mouse MIP-2 is stimulated by endotoxin. The mouse MIP-2 shares approximately 63% aa sequence identity with murine KC, another mouse alpha chemokine, which is induced by PDGF. It has been suggested that mouse KC and MIP-2 are the homologs of the hum... | |||
TMPJ-00361 |
Endoglin Protein, Human, Recombinant (Trx & His)
CD105,END,Endoglin,ENG |
Human | E. coli |
Endoglin is a single-pass type I membrane protein which restricted to endothelial cells in all tissues except bone marrow. Endoglin as major glycoprotein of vascular endothelium, it has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Homodimer forms a heteromeric complex with the signaling receptors for transforming growth factor-beta: TGFBR1 and/or TGFBR2. It may have an important role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins an... | |||
TMPH-02841 |
Prohibitin Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His)
Phb1,B-cell receptor-associated protein 32,Prohibitin 1 |
Mouse | E. coli |
Protein with pleiotropic attributes mediated in a cell-compartment- and tissue-specific manner, which include the plasma membrane-associated cell signaling functions, mitochondrial chaperone, and transcriptional co-regulator of transcription factors in the nucleus. Plays a role in adipose tissue and glucose Homeostasis in a sex-specific manner. Contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling by accelerating proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.; In the mitochondria, together with... | |||
TMPJ-00505 |
Serpin A1 Protein, Human, Recombinant (aa 25-418, His)
Alpha-1-Antiproteinase,α-1-Antiproteinase,SERPINA1,Serpin A1... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
Serpin A1 is a prototype member of the Serpin superfamily of the serine protease inhibitors. As one of the most abundant proteinase inhibitors in the circulation, it is synthesized in hepatocytes, and to a lesser extent, in macrophages as well as intestinal epithelial cell lines and secreted as the abundant proteinase inhibitor in the circulation whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Point mutations in the native SerpinA1 variants re... | |||
TMPY-01303 |
Serpin A3 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
ACT,GIG25,serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antip... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
SerpinA3, also known as Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), is a plasma alpha globulin glycoprotein, and is a member of serpin superfamily of the serine protease inhibitors consisting of at least 35 members. SerpinA3 has been demonstrated to inhibit the activity of certain serine proteases, such as cathepsin G found in neutrophils, and chymases present in mast cells, by inducing a major conformational rearrangement, and thus protects some tissues from damage caused by proteolytic enzymes. This enzy... | |||
TMPJ-00362 |
MMP-2 Protein, Human, Recombinant (His)
72 kDa Gelatinase,TBE-1,Gelatinase A,Matrix Metalloproteinas... |
Human | HEK293 Cells |
72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene.It belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and play essential roles in various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, differentiation, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, as well as pathologic... | |||
TMPH-02690 |
PLA2G10 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His & Myc)
Pla2g10,Group X secretory phospholipase A2,Phosphatidylcholi... |
Mouse | E. coli |
Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids with preference for phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylethanolamines. Preferentially releases sn-2 omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acyl (PUFA) chains over saturated fatty acyls. Contributes to phospholipid remodeling of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density li... |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
TMIH-0520 |
Selexipag-d7
|
||
Selexipag-d7 是 Selexipag 的氘代化合物。Selexipag 的 CAS 号为 475086-01-2。Selexipag 是前列环素受体激动剂,可引起肺血管舒张,用于治疗肺动脉高压。 | |||
TMID-0043 |
Sildenafil-d8
|
||
Sildenafil-d8 是 Sildenafil 的氘代化合物。Sildenafil 的 CAS 号为 139755-83-2。Sildenafil 是一种磷酸二酯酶 5 抑制剂,IC50为 5.22 nM。 | |||
TMID-0210 |
Sildenafil-13C-d3
|
||
Sildenafil-13C-d3 是 Sildenafil 的 13C 和氘代化合物。Sildenafil 的 CAS 号为 139755-83-2。Sildenafil 是一种磷酸二酯酶 5 抑制剂,IC50为 5.22 nM。 | |||
TMIJ-0216 |
Formoterol-13C-d3 Hemifumarate
|
||
Formoterol-13C-d3 Hemifumarate 是 Formoterol Hemifumarate 的 13C 和氘代化合物。Formoterol Hemifumarate 的 CAS 号为 43229-80-7。Formoterol Hemifumarate 是一种长效的 β2-肾上腺素受体激动剂。 | |||
TMIH-0497 |
Riociguat-13C-d6
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Riociguat-13C-d6 是 Riociguat 的 13C 和氘代化合物。Riociguat 的 CAS 号为 625115-55-1。Riociguat 是一种鸟苷酸环化酶的刺激剂,可导致血管平滑肌松弛,用于治疗严重的肺动脉高压。 | |||
TMIH-0519 |
Selexipag Active Metabolite-d7
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Selexipag Active Metabolite-d7 是 Selexipag Active Metabolite 的氘代化合物。Selexipag Active Metabolite 的 CAS 号为 475085-57-5。MRE269 是一种口服的长效前列环素受体激动剂前药,是 Selexipag 的活性代谢物,用于治疗肺动脉高压。 | |||
T71329 |
Theophylline-d6
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Theophylline-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theophylline by GC- or LC-MS. Theophylline is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. It is also an adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonist. Theophylline induces relaxation of isolated cat bronchial smooth muscle segments precontracted with acetylcholine. It inhibits ovalbumin-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophil infiltration in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of allergic asthma. F... | |||
T71293 |
Nifuroxazide-d4
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Nifuroxazide-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nifuroxazide by GC- or LC-MS. Nifuroxazide is a nitrofuran antibiotic. It is active against strains of the enteropathogenic bacteria C. jejuni, Salmonella, Y. enterocolitica, Shigella, and E. coli. It inhibits quorum sensing and virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa. Nifuroxazide inhibits STAT3 activity in a reporter assay and decreases viability of U266 and INA-6 myeloma cells, which have constitutive S... |