Bovine

2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Gentisaldehyde) 是一种天然抗微生物剂，可抑制Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 的生长。它还抑制金黄色葡萄球菌菌株，MIC50为 500 mg L。

BVDV-IN-1 是一种牛病毒性腹泻病毒 (BVDV) 的非核苷抑制剂 (NNI)，EC50 为 1.8 μM。它直接与 BVDV RdRp 的疏水口袋结合，对耐 NNI 氨基硫脲 (TSC) 的 BVDV 具有抗病毒活性。

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate 是外源性血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 受体对颈上神经节 (SCG) 中 cAMP 作用的拮抗剂。

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that comprises 2-10% of total phospholipids in mammals and is enriched in the central nervous system, particularly the retina. It is anionic and found mainly on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. It is biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidyl synthase 1 (PSS1) or PSS2, respectively, in the endoplasmic reticulum and can be reversibly converted back by the same enzymes. It can also be irreversibly converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in the mitochondria. Phosphatidylserine binds to T cell immunoglobulin mucin type 1 (TIM-1) and TIM-4 receptors as well as brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is also a cofactor involved in the activation of various signaling pathways through activation of protein kinase C, neutral sphingomyelinase, and c-Raf-1 protein kinase among others. Phosphatidylserine is externalized during apoptosis by scramblases in the plasma membrane as a signal for phagocytes to engulf the cell. Phosphatidylserines (bovine) is a mixture of bovine phosphatidylserines containing fatty acids with variable chain lengths at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Sulfatides are endogenous sulfoglycolipids with various biological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, pancreas, and immune system. They are produced from the combination of ceramide and UDP-galactose in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by sulfation in the Golgi apparatus. The ceramide portion contains variable fatty acid chain lengths, which are tissue- and pathology-dependent. Sulfatides are primarily found in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, with smaller chain lengths predominant during development and longer chain lengths predominant in mature cells. They accumulate in the lysosome of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A deficiency. Sulfatides are also located in pancreatic β-cells and inhibit insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, suggesting a potential role in diabetes. Sulfatides can induce inflammation in glia in vitro and certain sulfatides, such as C24:1 3'-sulfo-galactosylceramide, can induce an immune response in vitro in mouse splenocytes. Sulfatides (bovine) (sodium salt) is a mixture of isolated bovine sulfatides.

Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) is an analog of sphingomyelin that contains ethanolamine rather than choline as the head group. It is the principal membrane phospholipid in invertebrates such as Drosophila, which lacks sphingomyelin. It is only produced in small amounts in mammalian cells, accounting for approximately 0.02 mol% of total phospholipids in mouse testis and brain. In Drosophila, CPE is biosynthesized by CPE synthase from ceramide and cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine in the Golgi lumen. In mammals, it is biosynthesized by sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in the plasma membrane and by sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Drosophila, CPE has a role in glial ensheathment of axons. Disrupting CPE synthesis by depleting SMSr in vitro in mammalian cells leads to an accumulation of ER ceramides, which are then mislocalized to the mitochondria, inducing apoptosis. However, ceramide levels are not altered in transgenic mice lacking SMSr catalytic activity. CPEs (bovine) is a mixture of CPEs with variable N-acyl chain lengths.

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (brain-derived aFGF) (1-11) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived aFGF. Brain-derived aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. aFGF (1-11) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-11 of the full length peptide.

Galactosylcerebrosides (SGal-CB) 在髓鞘形成的早期阶段可由周围神经系统 (PNS) 中的 Schwann 细胞 (SC) 表达，在鞘中的持续存在对于长期维持其结构完整性至关重要。

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (102-111) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. It also shares sequence homology with the known neuropeptides neuromedin C , bombesin , neuromedin K , substance K , substance P , physalaemin, and eledoisin. aFGF (102-111) corresponds to amino acid residues 102-111 of the fulllength peptide.

Brain-derived basic fibroblast growth factor (1-24) (brain-derived bFGF) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived bFGF. bFGF is a peptide produced in bovine brain that is protective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. bFGF (1-24) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-24 of the full length peptide.

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Lactoferricin B (4-14), bovine (TFA), is a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, specifically consisting of residues 4-14. This compound exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms[1].

Bovine Peripheral Myelin Protein P2 (53-78) is a derivative composed of amino acid residues 53 to 78 from the peripheral myelin P2 protein of bovine origin. It acts as a T cell epitope and is used to induce experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats.

Fetuin, Fetal Bovine Serum is a glycoprotein weighing 64 kDa that is secreted by the liver and obtained from fetal bovine serum. It acts as an inhibitor of trypsin activity and facilitates cellular attachment, growth, and differentiation.

beta-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine trifluoroacetate 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T64708。

Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA 是一种内源性孤儿 G 蛋白偶联受体 APJ 激动剂。Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA 与在 HEK 293 细胞中表达的人 APJ 受体结合 (pIC50)。Apelin-17(human, bovine) TFA 阻断 HIV-1和 HIV-2毒株进入表达 APJ 的 NP-2 CD4 细胞。

Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine TFA，作为一种高效的甲状旁腺激素(PTH)受体激动剂，能提升钙和无机磷酸盐的水平，适用于骨质疏松症的研究。

GHRF, bovine (bGRF(1-44)-NH2) 是牛生长激素 (GH) 释放因子 (GHRF)。GHRF, bovine 促牛生长激素释放，并受到Hydrocortisone 的促进作用。

Biotinyl-Glucagon (1-29), human, bovine, porcine 为带生物素标记的Glucagon衍生物，此肽类激素由胰腺α细胞分泌，功能是提升血液中的葡萄糖与脂肪酸浓度。

Lactoferricin, bovine 是一种铁结合糖蛋白，来源于牛乳铁蛋白的酸性水解。Lactoferricin, bovine 具有杀菌、抗真菌、抗寄生虫、抗肿瘤、抗病毒和免疫调节活性。

Lactalbumin B (50-53) Alpha [Lactorphin Alpha], bovine 是一种含有4个氨基酸构成的降血压肽，具有血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE) 抑制作用，适用于高血压研究。

ACTH (3-24) (human, bovine, mouse, ovine, porcine, rabbit, rat) 是ACTH的3-24片段，适用于癌症、免疫疾病、心血管疾病等多种疾病的研究。

(Des-Glu5)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。

(Des-His6)-ACTH (1-24) (human, bovine, rat) 是促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH) 的类似物。ACTH 是一种由垂体前叶腺产生的多肽激素，调节皮质醇和雄激素的产生。