tnf-α-in-6

TNF-α-IN-6 is an orally efficacious allosteric inhibitor of TNFα ( K D = 6.8 nM).

Mca-(endo-1a-Dap(Dnp))-TNF-Alpha (-5 to +6) amide (human) 为一种基于FRET (荧光共振能量转移) 原理的多肽底物，通过其裂解引起的荧光强度变化来评估其活性。

ABzOH 是一种苯甲酸衍生物，结构类似于阿司匹林等非甾体抗炎药，具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗增殖作用。ABzOH 不仅可以抑制肿瘤坏死因子- α (TNF-a)、白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)等促炎细胞因子的表达还对乳腺癌、肺癌和胰腺癌具有抑制作用。

Linalool (Linalol) 是存在芫荽等植物中的单萜类天然产物，是竞争性NMDA 受体拮抗剂，具有抗肿瘤和抗心脏毒性的作用。它通过激活 Nrf2 诱导抗氧化防御和通过抑制 NF-κB 减少炎症反应来保护其免受 LPS GalN 诱导的肝损伤，具有镇痛、抗菌和抗炎的特性。

Schisandrol B (Besigomsin) 是华中五味子的主要活性成分，具有保肝、抗炎、抗糖尿病和抗氧化的作用。它抑制活性氧的产生，也抑制 P-糖蛋白和CYP3A 的活性。

MD2-TLR4-IN-1 是一种骨髓分化蛋白 2/toll 样受体 4 (MD2-TLR4) 复合物抑制剂，能够抑制巨噬细胞 LPS 诱导的 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的表达，IC50值分别为 0.89 和 0.53 μM。

JTE-607 HCl 是高选择性的炎性细胞因子合成抑制剂，可保护小鼠免受内毒素休克。它作用于 LPS 刺激的人 PBMC，抑制TNF-α(IC50:11 nM)、IL-1β(IC50:5.9 nM)、IL-6(IC50:8.8 nM)、IL-8(IC50:7.3 nM)和IL-10(IC50:9.1 nM)。

Isoforskolin 源自毛喉鞘蕊花，可减少人单核白细胞中 TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 和 IL-8 的分泌。Isoforskolin 可用于治疗莱姆关节炎的研究。

TG6-129 是有效的EP2受体选择性拮抗剂，可降低 butaprost 诱导的 P388D1 巨噬细胞中炎症因子的表达。

IRBP651-670（Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (651-670)）是IRBP（亦称为retinoid-binding protein 3）的肽段，参与色素再生，通过将视黄醇和视黄醛从光感受细胞传输到视网膜色素上皮。在C57BL/6小鼠中，利用IRBP651-670诱导自身免疫性葡萄膜炎，这些小鼠携带H-2b单体型。用IRBP651-670（300 µg/动物）免疫增加了小鼠眼部IL-1β、IL-6、IL-17、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平，免疫细胞浸润及光感受器损伤。

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube formationin vitro.3It inhibits endotoxin-, ceramide-, TNF-α-, or okadaic acid-induced activation of NF-κB in U937 cells.1α-MSH reduces IL-6- or TNF-α-induced ear edema in mice.4It also prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and increases survival in a mouse model of septic shock. Increased plasma levels of α-MSH are positively correlated with delayed disease progression and reduced death in patients with HIV.1 1.Catania, A., Airaghi, L., Colombo, G., et al.α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in normal human physiology and disease statesTrends Endocrinol. Metab.11(8)304-308(2000) 2.Miwa, H., Gantz, I., Konda, Y., et al.Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptorsJ. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.273(1)367-372(1995) 3.Cutuli, M., Cristiani, S., Lipton, J.M., et al.Antimicrobial effects of a-MSH peptidesJ. Leukoc. Biol.67(2)233-239(2000) 4.Lipton, J.M., Ceriani, G., Macaluso, A., et al.Antiiinflammatory effect of the neuropeptide a-MSH in acute, chronic, and systemic inflammationAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci.25(741)137-148(1994)

1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid is a phospholipid containing arachidonic acid at the sn-1 position. It has been found in rat brain as 37% of the arachidonic acid-containing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and is a precursor to 1-arachidonoyl glycerol . 1-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidic acid binds to the LPA2/EDG4 receptor with an EC50 value of approximately 10 nM. It prevents TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in wild-type but not Lpa2-/- dendritic cells stimulated by LPS. It also decreases differentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to goblet cells in the presence of sodium butyrate.

STINGagonist-25 (CF505) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-23 (CF502) 是一种非核苷酸小分子 STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活 STING，增加 STING、TBK1和 IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中 IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和 CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗 SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

Glucocorticoid receptor modulator1 是一种高效且具有口服活性的 NF-κB 和 AP-1抑制剂，IC50分别为 9 nM 和 130 nM。Glucocorticoid receptor modulator1 可有效降低炎症因子 IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α 的表达，可缓解小鼠皮炎。

Ansatrienin B is an ansamycin antibiotic and antifungal agent first isolated from S. collinus and S. rishiriensis., In fetal rat long bones, it is an inhibitor of parathyroid hormone-induced calcium release (IC50 = 21 nM), which is a measure of bone resorption, and pp60c-src kinase (IC50 = 50 nM). It is an inhibitor of translation at the protein synthesis stage by specific inhibition of L-leucine incorporation (IC50 = 58 nM in A549 cells). It also inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; IC50 = 300 nM). Early in vitro studies showed that ansatrienin B potentiates the chemotherapeutic action of 5-fluorouracil , cisplatin , bleomycin , mitomycin C , and 6-mercaptopurine. Ansatrienin B is a hydroquinone form of ansatrienin A .

Anti-Aβ agent 1A 是有效的抗淀粉样蛋白-β (amyloid-β) 剂。Anti-Aβ agent 1A 可明显抑制 LPS 诱导的 IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α 水平，并能够利用线粒体途径减少 H2O2诱导的 SH-SY5Y 细胞凋亡，表现出抗氧化、抗炎、抗 Aβ 毒性和神经保护活性。Anti-Aβ agent 1A 能够用于研究阿尔兹海默症。

Euphohelioscopin A, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), it inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of the myeloid leukemia cell lines THP-1 and HL-60. Euphohelioscopin A has anti-inflammary activity, it exhibits moderate inhibitory activity

NCI 126224 是一种 toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 的拮抗剂。它在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中，选择性抑制由 TLR4 激动剂 LPS 引起的一氧化氮 (NO) 产生（IC50 = 0.31 µM），而对 TLR7/8 激动剂 R-848、TLR1/2 激动剂 Pam3CSK4 以及 TLR3 激动剂 poly(I:C) 的影响较小；但对于相同细胞中由 TLR2/6 激动剂 FSL-1 引起的 NO 产生，其抑制作用在 0.6 µM 时亦显现。此外，NCI 126224 在 BV-2 微胶质细胞的报告实验中抑制了 LPS 引起的 NF-κB 活性，并在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中降低了 LPS 引起的 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 水平（IC50s = 5.92, 0.42, 和 1.54 µM，分别）。

DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue punch cultures of extraplacental membranes. DCVC effects on GBS-stimulated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from extraplacental membranes in transwell cultures. [1]. Boldenow E, et al. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine but not trichloroacetate inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extraplacental membranes in vitro. Reprod Toxicol. 2015 Apr;52:1-6. [2]. Lash LH, et al. Multigenerational study of chemically induced cytotoxicity and proliferation in cultures of human proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Nov 18;15(11):21348-65. [3]. Yoo HS, et al. Comparative analysis of the relationship between trichloroethylene metabolism and tissue-specific toxicity among inbred mouse strains: kidney effects. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2015;78(1):32-49.

Semapimod是一种抑制促炎细胞因子产生的化合物，具有抑制TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6功能。它通过抑制巨噬细胞的p38 MAPK以及一氧化氮的生成发挥作用，并且能够抑制TLR4信号传导（IC50约为0.3 μM）。Semapimod对于治疗各类炎症和自身免疫性疾病显示出潜在效用。

PDE4-IN-6 是一种安全的、有效的、中等选择性的 PDE4 抑制剂，作用于 PDE4B (IC50: 0.125 μM) 和 PDE4D (IC50: 0.43 μM)。PDE4-IN-6 能够下调 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的表达水平，表现出抗炎、抗关节炎作用，并具有强大的免疫调节活性。PDE4-IN-6 具有潜力进行抗类风湿性关节炎的研究。

IQ3 是c-JNK 家族选择性抑制剂，对JNK3 的选择性更好。它对JNK1、JNK2 和 JNK3 的Kd 值分别为0.24 μM、0.29 μM 和 0.066 μM。

Questinol exhibits significant anti-obesity activity. It shows anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, it can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and inhibit NO an

Negletein (7-O-Methylbaicalein) 一种神经保护剂，可增强神经生长因子的作用并诱导 PC12 细胞中的神经突生长。它通过抑制TNF-α和IL-1β表现出抗炎活性，其 IC50值分别为 16.4 和 10.8 μM。它还具有抗菌、抗缺氧和抗阿尔茨海默病活性。

β5i-IN-1 是 β5i 选择性抑制剂，具有 8.463 nM 的 IC50 值。该化合物能够诱导 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的释放，同时影响 NF-κB 的转录活性，适用于特发性肺纤维化研究。

Cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) (128-153) 是一种合成抗菌肽，对应于鸡CATH-2的128至153个氨基酸。该化合物对E. coli、S. aureus、S. enteritidis和B. globigii展示出浓度依赖性的活性。CATH-2 (128-153) (40 µM) 可诱导孤立的鸡红细胞溶解，但对孤立的人外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)无细胞毒性。它能促进化学因子(C-C-基序)配体2 (CCL2)的产生，并抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10在孤立的人PBMCs中的产生。

DW18134 是一种白细胞介素受体相关激酶 4 (IRAK4) 的抑制剂，其IC50为11.2 nM。它能够抑制IRAK4和IKK的磷酸化过程，并降低TNF-α和IL-6的分泌。在小鼠模型中，DW18134 可减轻由Lipopolysaccharides诱导的腹膜炎和DSS诱导的结肠炎，并且有助于保护肠道屏障功能。

Rhein-13C4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of rhein by GC- or LC-MS. Rhein is an anti-inflammatory anthraquinone found in rhubarb and is the bioactive derivative of its prodrug diacerein . At 10 μM, rhein inhibits IL-1β signaling, suppressing signaling through NF-κB, and reduces the expression of the matrix metalloproteases MMP-1 and MMP-13.1 It inhibits IKKβ (IC50 = 11.8 μM), decreasing iNOS and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages but paradoxically increasing TNF-α, IL-1β, and HMBG1 expression.2 Rhein shows efficacy against pancreatic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis.3,4 It also inhibits angiogenesis of breast cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.5

STINGagonist-26 (CF508) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

STINGagonist-28 (CF510) 是一种非核苷酸小分子STING 激动剂。STINGagonist-23 激活STING，增加STING、TBK1和IRF3的磷酸化。STINGagonist-23 可促进肿瘤细胞中IFN-β、IL-6、CXCL-10、TNF-α、ISG-15和CCL-5的水平。STINGagonist-23 表现出抗SARS-CoV 系列的活性。

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) also upregulates the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and reduces the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and attenuates the changes in metalloproteinase activity in oligomeric Aβ40-treated astrocytes. Gamma-glutamylcysteine (TFA) ((γ-glutamylcysteine (TFA)), an intermediate in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is a dipeptide served as an essential cofactor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx).

COX-2-IN-10 是 COX-2 的有效抑制剂。COX-2-IN-10 对 IL-6、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生表现出抑制作用。COX-2-IN-10 能够浓度依赖性地抑制 PGE2 的产生，其 IC50 值为 2.54 μM。COX-2-IN-10 在 mRNA 和蛋白水平上抑制 iNOS 和 COX-2 的表达。

DPP-4-IN-8 (compound 27) 是一种高效的选择性DPP4抑制剂，具有 0.96 μM 的 Ki。该化合物能够抑制 Caco-2 和 HepG-2 细胞中的 DPP4 二肽酶活性，并剂量依赖性地降低 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β 的表达水平[1]。

TNF-α-IN-10 (compound 8a) 作为IL-6与TNF-α的抑制剂，表现出抗炎活性。

PDE1-IN-5 (Compound 10c) 是一种PDE1C选择性抑制剂，IC50为15 nM。该化合物显示出抗炎活性，能够抑制LPS诱导的iNOS、TNF-α、IL-1α、IL-1β和IL-6表达。在DSS诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型中，PDE1-IN-5对抗炎性肠病(IBD)表现出治疗潜力，并可用于IBD相关研究。

Anti-inflammatory agent 55 (compound 9j) 作为薏苡醇 (Coixol) 的衍生物，展现出显著的抗炎活性。该化合物通过抑制NF-κB途径，有效下调iNOS、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-1β的表达水平。其中，Anti-inflammatory agent 54 能够在RAW264.7巨噬细胞中通过抑制LPS诱导的NO产生（IC50: 0.8 μM）来发挥其抗炎作用，并在小鼠耳廓水肿模型中证实了其体内抗炎效果。

Anti-inflammatory agent 54 (compound 9c)，作为薏苡醇 (Coixol) 的衍生物，显示出显著的抗炎效果。它通过抑制NF-κB通路，降低iNOS、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达，进而在LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中降低一氧化氮 (NO) 生成（IC50: 2.4 μM）。此外，该化合物在小鼠耳廓水肿模型中表现出了体内抗炎活性。

NOD2 antagonist 1 (compound 32) 是一种有效的、选择性的 NOD2 拮抗剂 (IC50: 5.23 μM)。NOD2 antagonist 1 在 THP-1 细胞，对 Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 诱导的 IL-8 分泌表现出抑制作用。NOD2 antagonist 1 在 PBMCs 细胞，可以抑制 MDP 诱导的 IL-6、IL-10 和 TNF-α 的水平升高。

CAY10789 (化合物 6) 是有效的CysLT1R 拮抗剂 ，IC50值为2.80 μM。CAY10789 也是一种GPBAR1激动剂 ，EC50为3 μM。CAY10789 显著降低 U937 细胞对 HAEC 的粘附并降低 TNF-α 的表达。CAY10789 表现出有前途的代谢稳定性和出色的药代动力学。 CAY10789 可用于结肠炎、代谢综合征和其他 GPBAR1 CysLT1R 相关疾病的研究。

Taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) is a taurine-conjugated form of the secondary bile acid hyodeoxycholic acid .1THDCA decreases the size and weight of human gallstonesin vitro. It increases bile flow, biliary cholesterol secretion, and biliary lipid secretion in rats.2Co-administration of THDCA with taurochenodeoxycholic acid prevents TCDCA-induced hepatotoxicity, increasing bile flow as well as biliary acid and phospholipid secretion in rats.3THDCA also reduces myeloperoxidase activity, expression of TNF-α and IL-6, and colonic damage in a mouse model of TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.4Taurohyodeoxycholic acid MaxSpec standard is a quantitative grade standard of taurohyodeoxycholic acid (sodium salt) that has been prepared specifically for mass spectrometry and related applications where quantitative reproducibility is required. The solution has been prepared gravimetrically and is supplied in a deactivated glass ampule sealed under argon. The concentration was verified by comparison to an independently prepared calibration standard. Verified concentration is provided on the certificate of analysis. This taurohyodeoxycholic acid MaxSpec standard is guaranteed to meet identity, purity, stability, and concentration specifications and is provided with a batch-specific certificate of analysis. Ongoing stability testing is performed to ensure the concentration remains accurate throughout the shelf life of the product.Note: The amount of solution added to the vial is in excess of the listed amount. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure volumes for preparation of calibration standards. Follow recommended storage and handling conditions to maintain product quality.

Manumycin A 是一种具有抗癌活性的抗生素，是哺乳动物硫氧还蛋白还原酶-1 （TrxR-1） 抑制剂。Manumycin A 以剂量依赖性方式抑制 TNF α 刺激的 THP-1 细胞和外周血单核细胞中 IL-1β 、IL-6 和 IL-8 的产生，诱导细胞凋亡。

Anti-inflammatory agent 64（compound 4b）能抑制IL-6和TNF-α的分泌，具备抗氧化及抗炎活性，无论在体内外均有效，能显著减轻足跖水肿。

F1是一种抗炎肽，由HIV-1 Tat蛋白质转导域与对应于抑制因子NF-κB激酶-相互作用肽（IKIP）46-60残基的15氨基酸肽链接而成。在5 µM浓度下，F1抑制了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中LPS诱导的IκB激酶α（IKKα）和IKKβ的磷酸化以及NF-κB（p65）的核内转移。在体内，F1（5 mg/kg）降低了LPS诱导的脓毒症小鼠模型中IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的血清水平，并增加了生存率。

Pap12-6是一种从蝶类P. xuthus幼虫中发现的papiliocin十二个N-端氨基酸衍生的抗菌肽。它对包括E. coli、P. aeruginosa和S. syphimurium在内的八种革兰氏阴性细菌（MIC50s = 4-8 µM）以及革兰氏阳性细菌S. aureus、耐甲氧西林的S. aureus 3126（MRSA-3126）、B. subtilis和S. epidermidis（MIC50s = 4-8 µM）具有活性，但在25 µM浓度下不影响人类红细胞、小鼠RAW 264.7巨噬细胞、人类HaCaT角质形成细胞或人类HEK293肾细胞的活性。Pap12-6在4和8 µM浓度下可引起E. coli的膜去极化。Pap12-6（10 µM）预处理可降低LPS刺激的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中一氧化氮（NO2-）、Tnf-α和Il-6的分泌水平。在体内，Pap12-6（10 mg/kg）可以提高感染E. coli的小鼠的存活率，并且在剂量为1 mg/kg时减少感染E. coli小鼠的肺、肝和肾中菌落形成单位（CFUs）的数量。Pap12-6（1 mg/kg）在E. coli诱导的败血症小鼠模型中降低血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）水平及血尿素氮水平。

Flufenamic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of flufenamic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor (IC50s = 3 and 9.3 µM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Flufenamic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced increases in COX-2 levels and NF-κB activation in HT-29 colon cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibits calcium influx induced by fMLP or A23187 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with IC50 values of 29 and 14 µM, respectively. Flufenamic acid also activates various ion channels, including transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) and the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa1.1). It also inhibits various ion channels, including TRPC3 and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Flufenamic acid (20 mg/kg) reduces increases in intestinal fluid secretion and intestinal barrier disruption in mice ......

Metaxalone-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of metaxalone by GC-or LC-MS. Metaxalone is a skeletal muscle relaxant. It inhibits the proliferation of, and induces apoptosis in, RAW 264.7 cells in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM. Metaxalone also reduces LPS-induced increases in COX-1, COX-2, and NF-kB levels and inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 cells. Formulations containing metaxalone have been used in the treatment of lower back pain.

JNK2-IN-1（Compound J27）是一款具有抗炎活性的JNK2抑制剂，其解离常数为79.2 μM。该化合物能通过阻断NF-κB/MAPK信号通路来降低肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）的释放，从而减轻脂多糖（LPS）引起的急性肺损伤（ALI）及脓毒症症状。