Pentosan Polysulfate is a potent and selective anti-HIV agent.with anti-inflammatory and pro-chondrogenic properties,and used for treatment of interstitial cystitis.

Pentosan polysulfate has been shown to inhibit HIV-1 activity (ED50 of 0.19 μg/mL in MT-4 cells). It inhibits HIV-1 antigen expression in HUT-78 cells at an ED50 of 0.02 μg/mL, and complete inhibition of HIV-1 antigen expression is obtained at a concentration of 4.0 μg/mL[2].

Pentosan polysulfate treatment preserves renal function, significantly reduces albuminuria, and markedly decreases the severity of renal lesions, including tubulointerstitial inflammation,and also reduces upregulation of TNFα and proinflammatory genes in aging diabetic kidneys[3].