IR-251 is a mitochondrion-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe that selectively accumulates in tumor cell mitochondria through organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. By impeding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), IR-251 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, consequently inhibiting the β-catenin signaling pathway as well as associated cell cycle and metastasis proteins. This mechanism contributes to the compound's ability to suppress tumor growth and metastasis [1].