D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of PAD1. It exhibits excellent tolerance and does not induce significant toxicity [1].

D-Cl-amidine (200-400 μM) is effective in significantly decreasing cell viability in MDA-MB-231 cells [1]. D-Cl-amidine increase caspase 3 activity, indicating that inhibition of PAD1 leads to an increase in apoptosis [1].

D-Cl-amidine, administered by iv at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, is still detected after 2 h in serum at a concentration of ~21 nM and at 4 h at ~10 nM. D-Cl-amidine is still observed in the blood serum at a concentration of ～10 nM at 4 h when administered by ip at a dose of 10 mg/kg [1].