t-type

T-Type calcium channel inhibitor 2 (compound 6g) 是一种 T 型钙通道的有效抑制剂，能够作用于 Cav3.1 (α1G) (IC50: 31.0 μM)、Cav3.2 (α1H) (IC50: 83.1 μM)、Cav3.3 (α1I) (α1H) (IC50: 69.3 μM)。T-Type calcium channel inhibitor 2 对 A549、HCT-116 细胞表现出细胞毒性，IC50s 分别为5.0、6.4 μM。

Ipilimumab 是全人类单克隆抗体 IgG1κ，能够抗 CTLA-4。其中CTLA-4是一种由活化的 T 细胞产生的免疫抑制分子。

SAK3 是一种新型的 nAChR 活性调节剂，可增强 T 型电压门控 Ca2+ 通道 (T-VGCC) 的活性，对 Cav3.1 和 Cav3.3 T 型 Ca2+ 通道电流均有增强作用。SAK3 对人神经母细胞瘤 SH-SY5Y 细胞中东莨菪碱诱导的胆碱能功能障碍有神经保护作用。SAK3 可用于研究记忆缺陷和阿尔茨海默病。

Lomerizine dihydrochloride (KB-2796) 是双重 L 和 T 型电压门控钙通道拮抗剂。

2-Nitrobenzoic acid (o-Nitrobenzoic acid) 是一种抗增殖化合物，对表达 T 型钙通道α1H 或其剪接变体δ25的 jurkat 细胞系显示出8.3μM 的 IC50。

Zonisamide (AD 810) 是锌酶碳酸酐酶 (carbonic anhydrase) 的有效抑制剂，对人类线粒体同工酶 hCA II 和 hCA V 作用的 Ki 值分别为 35.2 nM 和 20.6 nM。Zonisamide 具有抗癫痫活性，在癫痫、癫痫发作和帕金森病的研究中具有价值。

Ethosuximide (Zarontin) 是一种抗癫痫药物，可改善多种神经退行性疾病模型的表型，且阻断低电压激活的 T 型钙通道。

1-Octanol (Octanol) 是一种饱和脂肪醇，是一种 T 型钙通道抑制剂，对天然 T 电流的IC50为 4 μM。它是一种具有类似柴油特性的极具吸引力的生物燃料。

Oxodipine 是一种二氢吡啶型钙拮抗剂 ，抑制了KCl 诱导的兔主动脉收缩，降低了效力较低的大鼠心室试纸收缩的心脏力量。在大鼠培养的新生儿心室肌细胞中，Oxodipine 降低了L 型Ca 电流（I），IC 为0.24μM，对T 型Ca 电流（I）的IC 为0.41μM。Oxodipine 会使小鼠便秘和狗牙龈增生。

TTA-A8 是 T 型钙通道的拮抗剂。

T-0156 是一种新型高效且具有选择性的 5 型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，抑制环磷酸鸟苷 (cGMP) 的水解，对 PDE6、PDE1、PDE2、PDE3 和 PDE4 较低的亲和力。

Benzoylmesaconine (Mesaconine 14-benzoate) 是乌头汤最丰富的组分。其中乌头汤可用于研究类风湿性关节炎。

Mibefradil is a calcium channel blocker with moderate selectivity for T-type Ca2+ channels (IC50s: 2.7 μM and 18.6 μM for T-type and L-type currents).

TTA-A2 是一种选择性 T 型钙通道拮抗剂，是一种有效的抗惊厥药，可减少孕烷 X 受体的激活。它对 Cav3.1 (a1G) 和 Cav3.2 (a1H) 通道在 -80 mV 和- 100 mV 保持电位上具有同样的作用，IC50 值分别为 89 和 92 nM。它可用于多种人类神经系统疾病的研究，包括睡眠障碍和癫痫。

Z944 是有效的 T 型钙通道拮抗剂，对跨模态和视觉识别记忆障碍有缓解作用。

ZSET1446 (ST-101) 是一种 T 型钙通道激活剂，用于治疗各类阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 模型中的学习缺陷。

TMPA 是一种核受体 Nur77 和 LKB1 相互作用的拮抗剂。

Suvecaltamide (MK-8998) 是一种选择性的 T 型钙通道抑制剂。

Lycobetaine (Ungeremine) 是一种潜在的抗罗克福尔青霉和黑曲霉的生物杀菌剂。它对柱状黄杆菌有很强的抗菌活性。它有效地靶向哺乳动物以及细菌I 型和II 型拓扑异构酶。它显示出强烈的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性（IC(50) 值为 0.35 microM）。 它具有抗原生动物活性，在体外试验中对Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense、T. cruzi 表现出良好的活性。

NNC 55-0396 是一种高特异性的 T 型钙通道阻滞剂，IC50 为 6.8 μM。 NNC 55-0396 可用于预防人类卵巢癌细胞增殖的研究。

NY-ESO-1 (87-111) is a pan-MHC class II-restricted peptide that interacts with various HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules, inducing activation of CD4+ T cells with Th1-type and Th-2 Th0-type responses, when presented in conjunction with HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules.

GAD65 (206-220) is a synthetic peptide derived from glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65, specifically corresponding to residues 180-188. It is known that GAD65 interacts with I-Ag7 MHC class II molecules and is a significant pancreatic antigen that self-reactive T cells target in type I diabetes mellitus.

Azemiopsin是一种nAChR抑制剂，针对T. californicanAChR和人α7nAChR的IC50值分别为0.18 μM和22 μM。该化合物能够阻断异源表达在爪蟾卵母细胞上的人肌型nAChR的乙酰胆碱诱导电流。

Cav 3.2 inhibitor 4 (compound 21) 是高效的选择性 T 型钙通道 (Cav3.2) 抑制剂，具有外周限制性，其 IC50 值为 0.6 μM，适用于心房颤动研究。

PDE5-IN-10 (compound 4b)，一有效PDE5抑制剂，IC50值为20 nM。该化合物体外微粒体稳定性增强（t1/2= 44.6 分钟），在长期增强恢复方面效果显著，适用于阿尔茨海默病（AD）研究。

Plipastatin A1是一种在B. cereus中发现的脂肽类化合物，具有酶抑制活性和免疫抑制活性。它能抑制磷脂酶A2（PLA2）、PLC和PLD（IC50分别为2.9、1.3和1.4 µM）。Plipastatin A1（100 µg/ml）能抑制LPS诱导的B细胞爆发生成和Concanavalin A诱导的T细胞爆发生成。在体内，Plipastatin A1（0.1 mg/动物）能抑制小鼠的迟发型超敏反应。

C12 Galactosylceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid. It inhibits IL-4 production by 53.84% in EL4 T cells when used at a concentration of 10 μM. C12 Galactosylceramide reduces the growth of human papillomavirus type 16-associated tumors in mice and reduces tumor recurrence following surgical removal or chemotherapy. It also reduces natural killer T cell activity, delays the onset of proteinuria, and improves survival in a mouse model of systemic lupus.

IAB15 是可用于癫痫研究的，T 型钙通道的有效抑制剂。

(2R S)-6-PNG (6-Prenylnaringenin) 是新型天然组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂，具有抗癌抗肿瘤活性，可阻断T型钙通道可减轻小鼠的神经性和内脏疼痛。

Concanamycin B is a macrolide antibiotic that selectively inhibits vacuolar type H+-ATPases, also known as V-ATPases (IC50 = 5 nM). In this way, it blocks the acidification of vacuolar organelles as well as early to late endosomal transport. Concanamycin B interferes with bone resorption and maturation of CD8 T lymphocytes. It also prevents processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II precursors in human B cells, inhibiting the expression of MHC class II molecules on the cell surface.

NNL-2 is a synthetic cannabinoid and T-type calcium channel inhibitor. This product is for research use only.

Isogarcinol is a natural polyisoprenylated benzophenone first isolated from plant species in the genus Garcinia. It has immunosuppressant actions, inhibiting the protein phosphatase calcineurin (IC50 = 36 μM) and suppressing the proliferation of T cells. Oral administration of isogarcinol in mice decreases delayed type hypersensitivity, prolongs graft survival in allogeneic skin transplants, suppresses inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis, and reduces clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Isogarcinol inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 and PC-3 cancer cells (IC50s = 4 and 8 μg/ml, respectively) through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

ML218 是一种具有口服活性、选择性、高效性且可穿透血脑屏障的 T 型 Ca2+ 通道抑制剂（Cav3.2 和 Cav3.3 的 IC50 分别为 310 nM 和 270 nM）。ML218 可抑制丘脑下核（STN）神经元的突发性活动。

U-7524, also known as AOAA and Aminooxyacetic acid, is an inhibitor of 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GABA-T). AOAA is also a general inhibitor of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes (this includes GABA-T). It functions as an inhibitor by attac

IAA65 是一种有效的 T 型钙通道抑制剂 (T-type calcium channel)，IC50值为 18.9 μM。IAA65 可用于癫痫研究。

5(6)-EET is a fully racemic version of the enantiomeric forms biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes. In solution, 5(6)-EET degrades into 5,6-DiHET and 5(6)-δ-lactone, which can be converted to 5(6)-DiHET and quantified by GC-MS. In neuroendocrine cells, such as the anterior pituitary and pancreatic islets, 5(6)-EET has been implicated in the mobilization of calcium and hormone secretion. 5(6)-EET is an inhibitor of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav3) that inhibits isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2 (IC50 = 0.54 μM), and Cav3.3 and decreases nifedipine-resistant phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in isolated mouse mesenteric arteries via Cav3.2 blockade when used at a concentration of 3 μM. In addition, it is a substrate of COX-1 and COX-2, as measured by oxygen consumption and product formation assays when used at a concentration of 50 μM. (±)5(6)-EET is provided as a mixture of the free acid and lactone.

This cyclic CTT Gelatinase Inhibitor peptide is an inhibitor for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. It is also called type IV collagenase or gelatinase. Gelatinases are potential targets of therapeutic intervention in cancer, and inhibitors of t

Mibefradil dihydrochloride (Ro 40-5967 (dihydrochloride)) 是一种钙离子通道抑制剂，选择性作用于 T 型 Ca2+通道，对 T 型和 L 型通道的IC50分别为 2.7 和 18.6 μM。

Tregalizumab为人源化抗CD4单克隆抗体（IgG1型），体外能选择性激活调节性T细胞（Tregs）功能。适用于研究自身免疫性疾病（因Treg功能不足）及过敏反应。

Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).

Huwentoxin XVI TFA，一种来自鸟蛛 Ornithoctonus huwena 的止痛剂，一种高度可逆和选择性的哺乳动物 N 型钙通道 (N-type calcium channel) (IC50约为 60 nM) 拮抗剂。Huwentoxin XVI TFA 对电压门控的 T 型钙通道，钾通道或钠通道没有影响。

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

MONIRO-1 是一种 T 型和 N 型钙通道阻断剂，作用于 hCav2.2 (IC50: 34 μM)、hCav3.1 (IC50: 3.3 μM)、hCav3.2 (IC50: 1.7 μM) 和 hCav3.3 (IC50: 7.2 μM)。

NG 25 is a type II kinase inhibitor that inhibits MAP4K2 and TAK1 (IC50s = 21.7 and 149 nM, respectively).1It also inhibits the Src family kinases Src and LYN (IC50s = 113 and 12.9 nM, respectively) and Abl family kinases (IC50s = 75.2 nM), as well as CSK, FER, and p38α (IC50s = 56.4, 82.3, and 102 nM, respectively). NG 25 (100 nM) prevents TNF-α-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation in L929 cells. It inhibits secretion of IFN-α and IFN-β induced by CpG type B and CL097, respectively, in Gen2.2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner.2NG 25 decreases cell viability of HCT116KRASWT, and to a greater degree of HCT116KRASG13D, colorectal cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner.3It also reduces tumor growth and increases the number of TUNEL-positive tumor cells in a CT26KRASG12Dmouse orthotopic model of colorectal cancer. 1.Tan, L., Nomanbhoy, T., Gurbani, D., et al.Discovery of type II inhibitors of TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP4K2)J. Med. Chem.58(1)183-196(2015) 2.Pauls, E., Shpiro, N., Peggie, M., et al.Essential role for IKKβ in production of type 1 interferons by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsJ. Biol. Chem. 287(23)19216-19228(2012) 3.Ma, Q., Gu, L., Liao, S., et al.NG25, a novel inhibitor of TAK1, suppresses KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivoApoptosis24(1-2)83-94(2019)

MBX-8025 is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ).1 It is greater than 750- and 2,500-fold selective for PPARδ over PPARα and PPARγ. MBX-8025 (10 mg/kg per day for eight weeks) reduces increases in fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels, and decreases insulin resistance in Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) mice fed an atherogenic diet as a model of diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).2 It also decreases serum alanine transaminase (ALT), as well as serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride, levels and reduces markers of NASH in the same model. |1. Bays, H.E., Schwartz, S., Littlejohn, T., 3rd, et al. MBX-8025, a novel peroxisome proliferator receptor-δ agonist: Lipid and other metabolic effects in dyslipidemic overweight patients treated with and without atorvastatin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(9), 2889-2897 (2011).|2. Haczeyni, F., Wang, H., Barn, V., et al. The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta agonist seladelpar reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathology by abrogating lipotoxicity in diabetic obese mice. Hepatol. Commun. 1(7), 663-674 (2017).

ML218 hydrochloride is a selective and orally active T-type Ca2+ channels (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3) inhibitor (Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 with IC50s of 310 nM and 270 nM , respectively).

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that comprises 2-10% of total phospholipids in mammals and is enriched in the central nervous system, particularly the retina. It is anionic and found mainly on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. It is biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidyl synthase 1 (PSS1) or PSS2, respectively, in the endoplasmic reticulum and can be reversibly converted back by the same enzymes. It can also be irreversibly converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in the mitochondria. Phosphatidylserine binds to T cell immunoglobulin mucin type 1 (TIM-1) and TIM-4 receptors as well as brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is also a cofactor involved in the activation of various signaling pathways through activation of protein kinase C, neutral sphingomyelinase, and c-Raf-1 protein kinase among others. Phosphatidylserine is externalized during apoptosis by scramblases in the plasma membrane as a signal for phagocytes to engulf the cell. Phosphatidylserines (bovine) is a mixture of bovine phosphatidylserines containing fatty acids with variable chain lengths at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Stephacidin B is a fungal metabolite that has been found inA. ochraceus.1Dimeric stephacidin B is rapidly converted to a monomer, avrainvillamide ,in vitro.2Stephacidin B is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cells, including testosterone-independent PC3 and -sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 0.37 and 0.06 μM, respectively) and estradiol-independent SK-BR-3 and -sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50s = 0.32 and 0.27 μM, respectively).1It induces apoptosis in HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells when used at a concentration of 4 μM.3 1.Qian-Cutrone, J., Huang, S., Shu, Y.-Z., et al.Stephacidin A and B: Two structurally novel, selective inhibitors of the testosterone-dependent prostate LNCaP cellsJ. Am. Chem. Soc.124(49)14556-14557(2002) 2.Wulff, J.E., Herzon, S.B., Siegrist, R., et al.Evidence for the rapid conversion of stephacidin B into the electrophilic monomer avrainvillamide in cell cultureJ. Am. Chem. Soc.129(16)4898-4899(2007) 3.Hu, L., Zhang, T., Liu, D., et al.Notoamide-type alkaloid induced apoptosis and autophagy via a P38/JNK signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cellsRSC Adv.9(34)19855-19868(2019)