Estradiol (E2) is a naturally occurring steroidal sex hormone that is essential for female fertility and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol upregulates IL-6 expression through estrogen receptor beta (ERβ).

方法：人晶状体上皮细胞 HLEC 用 Estradiol (0.001-10 μM) 处理 24 h，使用 MTT 方法检测细胞活力。
结果：在 10 μM Estradiol 的情况下，活细胞数量显著减少。[1]
方法：人乳腺癌细胞 MB231 用 Estradiol (100 nM) 处理 24 h，使用 scratch/wound healing assay 和 transwell assay 检测细胞运动情况。
结果：Estradiol 治疗可减少 MB231 细胞的迁移和侵袭。[2]

方法：为检测体内活性，将 Estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) 和 progesterone (5-20 mg/kg) 单次腹腔注射给切除卵巢的 C57BL/6 雌性小鼠。
结果：单独接受 Estradiol 或 Estradiol 加 10-20 mg/kg progesterone 的小鼠对新物体的记忆显著增强。[3]
方法：为检测体内活性，将 Estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) 灌胃给药给卵巢切除的 C57BL/6 雌性小鼠，每天一次，持续两周。
结果：长期激活 ERβ 可以减少去卵巢小鼠的热闪光样症状，增强空间和物体识别记忆。[4]

Estradiol is dissolved in 0.01% ethanol. Briefly, B9 cells (5×103/well of a 96-well plate) are cultured with a series of dilutions of the supernatants in a final volume of 100 mL of RPMI 1640, supplemented with 5×10-5mol/Lof 2-mercaptoethanol, 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin in flat-bottom microtiter plates. After 42 h, 0.5 μCi of [3H]thymidine is added. 6 h later, the cells are harvested and the radioactivity incorporated is determined. IL-6 is quantitated from a standard curve set up with known amounts of recombinant human or mouse IL-6. The anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody completely inhibited the ability of the B9 cells to proliferate in response to recombinant mouse IL-6. In addition, we determined that B9 cells do not proliferate in response to IL-I or TNF, and that antibodies to these two cytokines did not affect the cell proliferation in response to IL-6. Further, it is established that neither Estradiol (17β-estradiol), nor the 0.01% ethanol used as vehicle in these experiments, has any effect on the bioassay.