ganglion

Pempidine (1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine) 是一种口服具有活力的神经节阻断试剂，用于研究高血压。

CYM5442 是高选择性和口服活性的鞘氨醇 1-磷酸受体激动剂，EC50为 1.35 nM。它激活依赖 S1P1的 p42 p44-MAPK 磷酸化，具有视网膜神经保护作用，可轻松穿过中枢神经系统。

Dermorphin 是在两栖类皮肤中发现的天然七肽，是 μ-阿片受体激动剂，可用于抑制神经痛。

Dermorphin TFA 是在两栖类皮肤中发现的天然七肽，是 μ-阿片受体激动剂，可用于抑制神经痛。

DL-AP5 是选择性 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体拮抗剂的外消旋形式，具有抗惊厥作用。

Guanadrel 是一种抗高血压药。

Sulbutiamine (Bisibuthiamine) 是合成的维生素 B1 类似物，可用于研究无力症。

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate 是外源性血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 受体对颈上神经节 (SCG) 中 cAMP 作用的拮抗剂。

Y-33075（Y-39983 free base）是一种ROCK抑制剂，能够降低眼压，增加视神经头（ONH）血流，增加体内具有再生轴突的RGCs（视网膜神经节细胞）的数量。

MRS 1523 can exert an antihyperalgesic effect through N-type Ca channel block and action potential inhibition in isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. MRS 1523 is an effective and selective adenosine A3 receptor antagonist Ki: 18.9 nM and 113 n

Tonabersat (SB-220453,托那博沙) 是一种新型和可口服的的gap-junction 调节剂和CSD（Cortical spreading depression）抑制剂, 调节三叉神经节神经细胞和胶质细胞之间的细胞通讯并抑制神经源性炎症，用于治疗偏头痛和癫痫。

AS1069562 is an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake which acts by notably restoring reduced insulin-like growth factor 1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 mRNA levels in dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord, respectively.

PNU109291, a potent and selective agonist of the 5-HT1D receptor, effectively mitigates dural plasma extravasation induced by trigeminal ganglion stimulation.

TN-871 is a potassium and calcium channel antagonist. TN-871 modulates transmitter release from preganglionic nerve terminals without changing the postsynaptic sensitivity of the ganglion cells to ACh.

Amifostine Hydrate is a radiation protective agent that induces splenic vasodilation and blocks autonomic ganglion.

PB1 is a highly-effective intracellular disulfide reducing agent with notable attributes such as excellent cell permeability, the capacity to generate a substantial intracellular concentration gradient, and remarkable stability. It serves as a borane-protected TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) analogue. PB1 demonstrates the potential to enhance the survival of retinal ganglion cells following axotomy in vitro at concentrations in the nanomolar and picomolar range. Consequently, PB1 has proven instrumental in the study of neuroprotective properties[1][2][3].

PB2, a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) analogue, enhances the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following axotomy in vitro. Even at nanomolar and picomolar concentrations, PB2 demonstrates pronounced efficacy in promoting RGC survival. Notably, PB2 exhibits superior permeability compared to TCEP. Serving as a potent reducing agent, PB2 provides robust neuroprotection for RGCs[1].

PDDHV is a resiniferatoxin-type phorboid vanilloid with capsaicin-like selectivity for the cloned rat transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), formerly known as vanilloid receptor 1. It induces Ca2+-uptake by rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with an EC50 value of 70 nM.

CAY10787 is an oxysterol and a negative allosteric modulator of GABAAreceptors.1,2It reduces GABA-induced currents in HEK cells expressing α1β1γ2or α4β3γ2subunit-containing GABAAreceptors (IC50s = 1.5 and 1 μM, respectively).2CAY10787 (500 nM) reduces GABA-induced depolarization of peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors, C-LTMRs, and cold thermosensors in isolated mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.In vivo, CAY10787 (2, 10, and 50 mg/kg) increases latency to nocifensive behaviors in the hot plate test in mice. 1.Hahn, M., Tang, M., and Subbiah, M.T.Cholest-3,5-dien-7-one formation in peroxidized human plasma as an indicator of lipoprotein cholesterol peroxidation potentialBiochim. Biophys. Acta1255(3)341-343(1995) 2.Niu, C., Leavitt, L.S., Lin, Z., et al.Neuroactive type-A γ-aminobutyric acid receptor allosteric modulator steroids from the hypobranchial gland of marine mollusk, Conus geographusJ. Med. Chem.64(10)7033-7043(2021)

The acyl amides are a family of endogenous lipids that act as potent modulators of pain and inflammation. The best characterized members of this family are the arachidonoyl amides, which includes N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA; anandamide). N-palmitoyl glycine (PalGly) contains an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that is amide-linked to glycine and is structurally similar to the phospholipid-derived N-acyl ethanolamines. Endogenously produced in rat skin and spinal cord, PalGly is present in 100-fold greater amounts in skin and 3-fold greater in brain compared to AEA. Injection of 0.43 μg PalGly in rat hindpaw inhibits heat-induced firing of nociceptive neurons in rat dorsal horn. PalGly treatment induces transient calcium influx in native dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and in the PTX-sensitive, DRG-like cell line F-11 (EC50 = 5.5 μM).

TREK1 and TREK2 channel activator (EC50 = 0.76 μM in Rb efflux assay in TREK1-expressing CHO cells). Exhibits selectivity for TREK1/2 over TRAAK, TASK3 and a range of other potassium channels. Hyperpolarizes membrane potential of dorsal root ganglion neurons and depresses neuronal activity in vitro. Loucif et al (2018) GI-530159, a novel, selective, mechanosensitive two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channel opener, reduces rat dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability. Br.J.Pharmacol. 175 2272 PMID:29150838

C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0)是硫酸盐类糖脂的一种。C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0)是在猪脑和血浆中发现的一种比较丰富的硫化物，在小鼠的整个发育过程中会有所减少。C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0)在体外可抑制视网膜神经节细胞生长。C16 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1 16:0)已被用作量化大鼠小脑和多发性硬化症患者分离的白质中的硫化物的参照物。

(+)-sparteine (sulfate pentahydrate) 是一种神经节阻断剂，可以竞争性阻断神经元中烟碱乙酰胆碱受体。

Trimetaphan camsilate is a drug that counteracts cholinergic transmission at the ganglion type of nicotinic receptors of the autonomic ganglia and therefore blocks both the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. It acts as a non-depolarizing competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is short-acting, and is given intravenously.