m 40

Potent, non-selective galanin receptor antagonist (Ki values are 1.82 and 5.1 nM at GAL1 and GAL2 respectively) that inhibits galanin (1-29) binding in rat brain in vitro (IC50 = 3 - 15 nM). Attenuates the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and blocks galanin-induced food intake in vivo. Also exhibits weak partial agonist activity at peripheral GAL2 receptors at doses > 100 nM.

M40 acetate(143896-17-7 free base) 是一种有效的、非选择性的甘丙肽受体拮抗剂（GAL1 和 GAL2 的 Ki 值分别为 1.82 和 5.1 nM），在体外抑制大鼠脑中甘丙肽 (1-29) 的结合 (IC50 = 3 - 15 nM)。减弱氟西汀的抗抑郁作用并阻止甘丙肽诱导的体内食物摄入。在剂量 > 100 nM 时，对外周 GAL2 受体也表现出较弱的部分激动剂活性。

Q-VD-OPh 是一种不可逆的泛胱天蛋白酶 (caspase) 抑制剂，抑制胱天蛋白酶 7 的 IC50 值为 48 nM，抑制胱天蛋白酶 1，3，8，9，10，12 的 IC50 值在 25-400 nM 之间。Q-VD-OPh 抑制 HIV 感染，能透过血脑屏障。

CORM-401 是一种羰基配合物和一氧化碳释放分子，具有血管生成和抗菌活性。CORM-401 诱导内皮细胞中磷酸戊糖通路的钙信号传导、NO 增加和激活。CORM-401 抑制大肠杆菌和几种抗生素耐药临床病原体的生长，可诱导小鼠体温增加。

AM4085 是一种口服有效的 FmlH 拮抗剂，其 IC50 为 0.19 μM，并在小鼠肝微粒体和血浆中表现出稳定性。

MM-401 is a specific inhibitor of histone H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 activity that acts by reprogramming mouse epiblast stem cells to naive pluripotency.

Xevinapant hydrochloride (AT-406 HCl) 是口服生物可利用的 Smac 模拟物，也是细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂的拮抗剂。它在无细胞功能测定中有效拮抗 XIAP BIR3 蛋白，诱导细胞 cIAP1 蛋白的快速降解，并抑制各种人类癌细胞系中的癌细胞生长。它在诱导异种移植肿瘤细胞凋亡方面非常有效。

VM4-037 is a PET imaging agent used for carbonic anhydrase IX.

VM4-037 F-18 is a fluorinated PET imaging agent used for carbonic anhydrase IX.

AM404 是一种内源性大麻素再摄取抑制剂，是 TRPV（1） 激活剂，是扑热息痛代谢物，具有神经保护作用和抗癌活性，可阻断 anandamide 转运。AM404 抑制 NFAT 和 NF-kappaB 信号通路，并损害神经母细胞瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭性，通过抑制 COX 活性来阻止活化的小胶质细胞中前列腺素的合成。

Lartesertib (ATM Inhibitor-5) 是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶 ATM 的抑制剂，具有潜在的抗癌活性，可用于研究肺癌。

Xevinapant (Debio-1143) 是一种有效的 Smac 模拟物和 IAP 的拮抗剂，能够抑制 XIAP，cIAP1 和 cIAP2 蛋白，Ki 值分别为 66.4，1.9 和 5.1 nM。

Pidnarulex HCl is the salt form of CX-5461, a first-in-class non-genotoxic small molecule targeted inhibitor of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) that activates the p53 pathway without causing DNA damage. CX-5461 selectively inhibits rRNA synthesis by Pol I in the nucleolus, but does not inhibit mRNA synthesis by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) and does not inhibit DNA replication or protein synthesis. Inhibition of Pol I results in nucleolar stress and release of ribosomal proteins (RP) from the nucleolus. The RP bind to Mdm2 and liberate p53 to orchestrate apoptosis in cancer cells. CX-5461 demonstrates a favorable preclinical profile, potently and selectively kills cancer cells, demonstrates robust in vivo efficacy in multiple models, and has demonstrated oral bioavailability in multiple species.

CAM4066 is a novel potent and selective CK2alpha inhibitor.

Imisopasem manganese (M40403) is a manganese superoxide MnSOD non-peptidyl mimetic.

MM-401 (TFA) 是一种针对MLL1 H3K4甲基转移酶的抑制剂，通过阻断MLL1与WDR5的相互作用，有效抑制MLL1活性，其IC50值为0.32 µM。此化合物能够诱导细胞周期停滞、凋亡及分化，主要用于MLL白血病的研究。

sCNH240(2-Fluoro-N-[3-(3-thienyl)-5-isoxazolyl]benzenesulfonamide)是一种潜在的选择性 Rv1625c/Cya 激活剂，具有良好的细胞渗透性和口服活性，在胆固醇补充的7H12培养基中对结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）H37Rv 株的IC90=1.24 µM，对 CYP2C19，CYP2C9 和hERG 通道具有抑制作用。

Asulam is a wild oat herbicide.

JAK-IN-40 (Compound 46) 是一种JAK抑制剂，可有效抑制JAK1、JAK2和JAK3，IC50分别为0.022、0.759和1.601 μM。JAK-IN-40 抑制STAT3的磷酸化，并抑制癌细胞Ba/F3和JAK1-TEL Ba/F3的增殖，其GI50值分别为0.614 μM和0.193 μM。该化合物使H1975和H2087细胞在G2/M期停滞，诱导细胞凋亡(apoptosis)。与Osimertinib联合使用时，JAK-IN-40表现出协同抗肿瘤作用。

Mtb-IN-7 (compound R7) 是一种MAO-A/MAO-B抑制剂，其IC50值超过40 μM。对结核杆菌M. tuberculosis H37Rv表现出抑菌活性，MIC值为2.01 μM。

β-Defensin-2 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius.2β-Defensin-2 (30 μg/ml) stimulates gene expression and production of IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, CCL2, MIP-3α, and RANTES by keratinocytes.3It also stimulates calcium mobilization, migration, and proliferation of keratinocytes when used at concentrations of 30, 10, and 40 μg/ml, respectively. β-Defensin-2 induces IL-31 production by human peripheral blood-derived mast cellsin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 10 μg/ml and by rat mast cellsin vivofollowing a 500 ng intradermal dose.4Expression of β-defensin-2 is increased in psoriatic skin and chronic wounds.5,6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 3.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Nakano, N., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins stimulate epidermal keratinocyte migration, proliferation and production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokinesJ. Invest. Dermatol.127(3)594-604(2007) 4.Niyonsaba, F., Ushio, H., Hara, M., et al.Antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins and cathelicidin LL-37 induce the secretion of a pruritogenic cytokine IL-31 by human mast cellsJ. Immunol.184(7)3526-3534(2010) 5.Huh, W.-K., Oono, T., Shirafuji, Y., et al.Dynamic alteration of human β-defensin 2 localization from cytoplasm to intercellular space in psoriatic skinJ. Mol. Med. (Berl.)80(10)678-684(2002) 6.Butmarc, J., Yufit, T., Carson, P., et al.Human β-defensin-2 expression is increased in chronic woundsWound Repair Regen.12(4)439-443(2004)

(±)10-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.[1][2] It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes.[3][4][5] (±)10-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Reference：[1]. VanRollins, M., and Murphy, R.C. Autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid: Analysis of ten isomers of hydroxydocosahexaenoate. J. Lipid Res. 25(5), 507-517 (1984).[2]. Reynaud, D., Thickitt, C.P., and Pace-Asciak, C.R. Facile preparation and structural determination of monohydroxy derivatives of docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE) by α-tocopherol-directed autoxidation. Anal. Biochem. 214(1), 165-170 (1993).[3]. VanRollins, M., Baker, R.C., Sprecher, H., et al. Oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid by rat liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem. 259(9), 5776-5783 (1984).[4]. Yamane, M., Abe, A., and Yamane, S. High-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of epoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids and epoxyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids from an incubation mixture of rat tissue homogenate. J. Chromatogr. 652(2), 123-136 (1994).[5]. Kim, H.Y., Karanian, J.W., Shingu, T., et al. Sterochemical analysis of hydroxylated docosahexaenoates produced by human platelets and rat brain homogenate. Prostaglandins 40(5), 473-490 (1990).

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

PKI-179 is a potent and orally active dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, with IC50s of 8 nM, 24 nM, 74 nM, 77 nM, and 0.42 nM for PI3K-α, PI3K-β, PI3K-γ, PI3K-δ and mTOR, respectively. PKI-179 also exhibits activity over E545K and H1047R, with IC50s of 14 nM and 11 nM, respectively. PKI-179 shows anti-tumor activity in vivo[1][2]. PKI-179 inhibits the cell proliferation, with IC50s of 22 nM and 29 nM for MDA361 and PC3 cells, respectively[1].PKI-179 shows inhibitory activity against a panel of 361 other kinases, hERG and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms at concentrations up to >30 μM, but does have activity for CYP2C8 (IC50=3 μM)[1]. PKI-179 (5-50 mg/kg; p.o. once daily for 40 days) inhibits the tumor growth and is well tolerated in nude mice bearing MDA-361 human breast cancer tumors[1].PKI-179 (50 mg/kg; p.o.) results in good inhibition of PI3K signaling in nude mice bearing MDA361 tumor xenografts[1].PKI-179 exhibits good oral bioavailability (98% in nude mouse, 46% in rat, 38% in monkey, and 61% in dog) and a high half-life (>60 min) [1]. [1]. Venkatesan AM, et, al. PKI-179: an orally efficacious dual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2010 Oct 1;20(19):5869-73.[2]. Rehan M. A structural insight into the inhibitory mechanism of an orally active PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, PKI-179 using computational approaches. J Mol Graph Model. 2015 Nov;62:226-234.