β-Catenin-IN-37 is a selective inhibitor of the protein-protein interaction between β-Catenin and T-cell factor (Tcf), known as β-catenin/Tcf PPI. It effectively inhibits canonical Wnt signaling and impedes the growth of colorectal cancer cells SW480 and HCT116, with IC50 values of 20 μM and 31 μM, respectively.
MPS1 TTK inhibitor is an inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1 TTK; IC50 = 5.8 nM), a kinase involved in mitotic spindle checkpoint signaling that is overexpressed in certain cancerous tumors. It inhibits MPS1 phosphorylation of kinetochore scaffold 1 (KNL1) and increases the rate of mitosis and the number of cells entering anaphase within 15 minutes, indicating MPS1 checkpoint inhibition, when used at a concentration of 100 nM. MPS1 TTK inhibitor (50 and 100 nM) increases the number of missegregated chromosomes, with an increased number of errors at 100 nM compared with 50 nM. It also inhibits colony formation of DLD1, HCT116, and U2OS cells (IC50s = 24.6, 20.1, and 20.6 nM, respectively).
G-573 is an allosteric inhibitor of MEK that is both potent and selective. The IC(50) value for pERK inhibition in HCT116 tumours by G-573 was estimated to be 0.406 µM. The IC(50) values for tumour growth inhibition in HCT116 and H2122 were estimated to be 3.43 and 2.56 µM, respectively. ED(50) estimates in HCT116 and H2122 mouse xenograft models were estimated to be ~4.6 and 1.9 mg/kg/day, respectively.
CAY10763 is a dual inhibitor of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; IC50= 46 nM) and STAT3 activation.1It binds to STAT3 (Kd= 530 nM) and selectively reduces the levels of STAT3 phosphorylated at the tyrosine in position 705 (STAT3Y705) over phosphorylated STAT3S727, STAT1, and STAT5 in SKOV3 cells when used at a concentration of 500 nM. It also inhibits STAT3 nuclear translocation in SKOV3 cells. CAY10763 is cytotoxic to HCT116, SKOV3, A549, and HepG2 cancer cells (IC50s = 37, 28, 33, and 12 nM, respectively). It reduces tumor growth in B16/F10 mouse melanoma and HepG2 mouse xenograft models when administered at doses of 100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. 1.Huang, R., Jing, X., Huang, X., et al.Bifunctional naphthoquinone aromatic amide-oxime derivatives exert combined immunotherapeutic and antitumor effects through simultaneous targeting of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3J. Med. Chem.63(4)1544-1563(2020)
Neoaureothin is a bacterial metabolite that has been found in Streptomyces. It is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to ARs (IC50 = 13 μM) and inhibits DHT-induced expression of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 1.75 nM). Neoaureothin is cytotoxic to A549, HCT116, and HepG2 cells (IC50s = 34.3, 47, and 37.2 μg ml, respectively). It also has nematocidal activity against the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus (LC50 = 0.84 μg ml) and increases survival of P. densiflora trees inoculated with B. xylophilus.
(–)-β-Sesquiphellandrene, a sesquiterpene identified in Z. officinale, exhibits antiviral and anticancer properties. It effectively inhibits rhinovirus IB virus replication in a plaque reduction assay with an IC50 of 0.44 µM. Additionally, at a concentration of 10 µM, it demonstrates cytotoxicity to HCT116 cells.