metastases

Clodronic acid disodium salt (Lodronate) 是一种口服具有活力的破骨细胞骨吸收 (osteoclastic bone resorption) 的抑制剂，是一代双磷酸盐。它可用于高骨转换状态、Paget’s 病和溶骨性骨转移中。

Sivifene 是一种抗肿瘤化合物。Sivifene 可用于治疗癌症皮肤转移的研究。

N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-iodobenzamide 是一种放射性药物。用于黑色素瘤和转移的闪烁扫描检测。

Zoledronic Acid (ZOL 446) 是一种含氮二磷酸盐，能抑制破骨细胞的分化和凋亡，具有高效的抗骨质再吸收活性，也有抗癌作用。

Ned 19, a selective membrane-permeant non-competitive antagonist of NAADP, strongly inhibits tumor growth, vascularization, and lung metastases in mice.

Fibronectin CS1 Peptide acetate 存在于 III 型同源连接段 (IIICS) 以及 C-274（细胞结合结构域）中。 Fibronectin CS1 Peptide 缺乏含有 Arg-Gly-Asp 的结构域，在自发和实验性转移模型中积极抑制肿瘤转移。

ATN-161 trifluoroacetate salt (ATN-161 TFA salt) 是一种新型整合素 α5β1 拮抗剂，可在小鼠模型中抑制血管生成和肝转移瘤的生长。

ATN-161 is a novel integrin α5β1 antagonist that inhibits angiogenesis and growth of liver metastases in a murine model.

TAS2940是一种不可逆的泛ERBB抑制剂，具有更强的脑部渗透能力，用于治疗肺癌脑转移以及含有HER2 EGFR 20号外显子插入和EGFR异常的胶质母细胞性瘤。在HER2 EGFR癌症的颅内异种移植模型中，TAS2940证明可以有效提高小鼠的生存率。目前，TAS29440正处于一期临床试验阶段，旨在确定固态肿瘤的最大耐受剂量。

Ensartinib hydrochloride (X-396 dihydrochloride) 是双重的 ALK MET 抑制剂，IC50分别 <0.4 nM 和 0.74 nM。

BMS-599626 (AC480) 是可口服的选择性 HER1和HER2抑制剂，IC50分别为 20 和 30 nM。它对 HER4 的 IC50值为 190 nM，可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，有治疗肿瘤的潜力。

PF-5274857 hydrochloride 是有效的、具有口服活性的、选择性的、可透过血脑屏障的 Smo 拮抗剂，其 IC50=5.8 nM，Ki=4.6 nM。它有用于包括激活的 Hh 途径驱动的脑肿瘤和脑转移在内的多种肿瘤的研究潜力。

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16 BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg kg.3Ajoene (25 mg kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16 BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL 6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

C17 Lactosylceramide is a naturally occurring sphingolipid that has been found in human brain metastases of lung adenocarcinomas but not in healthy brain tissue.

DOTA Zoledronate represents a novel, advanced compound utilized specifically in bone-targeted radionuclide therapy to diagnose bone metastases.

Efaproxiral Sodium (RSR13 sodium) 是血红蛋白 (Hb) 合成变构调节剂，能够减少血红蛋白氧 (O2) 的结合亲和力。

Kadsurenone is a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng. It is a useful and promising treatment strategy for breast cancer bone metastases by blocking the PAF PTAFR signaling pathway.

Etanidazole (SR-2508) is a 2-nitroimidazole drug with radiosensitizing properties. Etanidazole depletes glutathione and inhibits glutathione transferase, thereby enhancing the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation. This agent may also be useful as an imaging agent for identifying hypoxic, drug-resistant regions of primary tumors or metastases. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).

VEL-0230, also known as NC-2300, is a potent cathespin K inhibitor. VEL-0230 has dual-acting properties that both stimulates bone formation and inhibits loss. VEL-0230 is being studied preclinically for the treatment of diseases involving bone mineral disorders such as bone loss related to multiple myeloma, osteoporosis, bone metastases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Velcura Therapeutics is currently being developed by Velcura Therapeutics. Given VEL- 0230's promotion of bone formation, inhibition of bone loss and reduction of calcium levels, Velcura has chosen Myeloma as its lead indication, as the bone fragility, bone pain, high calcium levels and eventual kidney involvement present serious medical and quality of life issues to affected patients.

Nemorubicin HCL is the salt form of Nemorubicin, also known as PNU152243A, a doxorubicin derivative that differs significantly from its parent drug in terms of spectrum of antitumor activity, metabolism and toxicity profile. The drug is active on tumors resistant to alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors and platinum derivatives. It works primarily through topoisomerase I inhibition. Of note, Nemorubicin is active in cells with upregulation of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, where current therapies fail. Nemorubicin is biotransformed in the liver into cytotoxic metabolites that may further contribute to render this drug highly active against primary liver tumors or liver metastases.

KRAS G12D inhibitor 15 是一种有效的 KRAS G12D 抑制剂。KRAS G12D inhibitor 15 具有研究各种疾病或病症的潜力，例如癌症或癌症转移。

Isoxanthohumol 是一种从啤酒花和啤酒中提取的一种前黄酮类化合物，对几种人类癌细胞株具有抗增殖活性。Isoxanthohumol对肿瘤细胞肺转移灶的转移或侵袭有抑制作用。Isoxanthohumol具有抗病毒活性，对疱疹病毒（HSV1和HSV2）和牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）具有抑制作用。

Intetumumab (CNTO 95) 是一种全人源抗 α（v）-整合素单克隆抗体，是异种移植肿瘤小鼠的放射增敏剂，抑制肿瘤生长，减少 A549 NSCLC 异种移植模型中的肺转移。

DOTA-LM3 TFA是一種特定結合生長抑素受體(SSTR)的拮抗劑。其結構為p-Cl-Phe-cyclo(D-Cys-Tyr-D-4-amino-Phe(carbamoyl)-Lys-Thr-Cys)D-Tyr-NH2。這種複合物常以177Lu-DOTA-LM3 TFA和68Ga-DOTA-LM3 TFA的形式被同位素標記，用於腫瘤的體內示踪。68Ga-DOTA-LM3 TFA展示了優異的生物分布特性、高腫瘤吸收率、良好的腫瘤保留性以及較低的安全風險。而177Lu-DOTA-LM3 TFA則被用於研究DOTATOC陰性的肝轉移，例如胰腺神經內分泌腫瘤(NET)和廣泛的腫瘤血栓形成。