epithelium

Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2a) 是口服有效的、内源性的前列腺素 F 受体激动剂。它是在子宫内膜腔上皮和黄体中局部产生的溶酶激素。它在分娩过程中起关键作用。

Dinoprost tromethamine salt (PGF2α THAM) 是一种口服有效的前列腺素 F 受体激动剂。它是在子宫内膜腔上皮和黄体中局部产生的溶酶激素，在分娩过程中起关键作用。

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 36,000 - 50,000) 是一种葡聚糖的聚阴离子衍生物，分子量适中，透过肠上皮的能力较强，是最广泛使用的炎症性肠炎（IBD）造模药物，常用于诱导慢性、急性结肠炎模型。

GS-9191是一种DNA 聚合酶α和ß 的强效抑制剂 ，是一种新型核苷类似物9-(2-膦酰甲氧基乙基)鸟嘌呤(PMEG)的原药 ，可渗透皮肤并在上皮层代谢为活性核苷三磷酸类似物。GS-9191具有抗增殖活性，以剂量相关的方式减少乳头瘤的大小。GS-9191可能对治疗HPV 引起的病变有作用。

Sofalcone (SU-88) 可诱导血红素加氧酶-1在胃肠上皮中的表达，是一种抗胃溃疡剂。

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) 是一种能够从视网膜色素上皮的脂褐素中分离到的荧光团，是一种亲脂性阳离子，也是弱光敏剂，具有细胞毒性。Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E 在蓝光诱导条件下促进细胞凋亡，在光活化介导下诱导自噬。当以高浓度呈递给膜时，Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E 诱导膜完整性的浓度依赖性丧失，破坏膜稳定性的趋势。

Gaultherin 是一种分离自 Gaultheria yunnanensis 中的天然水杨酸酯衍生物。它是一种非甾体类抗炎药，具有止痛和抗炎作用，与 Aspirin 相比没有胃溃疡作用。

D-Kynurenine (ZINC901103) 是 D-色氨酸的代谢物和 GPR109B 的激动剂。 D-Kynurenine 激活 AhR 并促进上皮细胞向间充质的转化。 D-Kynurenine 在 D-氨基酸氧化酶的荧光分析中用作底物。

Duramycin is a cyclic peptide lantibiotic derived from Streptomyces cinnamoneuma. Duramycin interacts with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and has antibacterial, antiviral effects. Duramycin stimulates chloride secretion in airway epithelium and has the potential for cystic fibrosis treatment.

CRX 527 是 TLR4 的配体，同时也是肽类癌症疫苗的佐剂，具备增强抗肿瘤免疫反应的潜力。CRX 527 还能诱导 HSC 分化，增加 LSK 细胞的比例和数量，促进其向巨噬细胞的分化，从而激活免疫防御，保护肠道上皮免受放射损伤。

SC 32855 is a 1,4-benzodiazepine that has been shown to arrest of spermatogenesis and degeneration of the germinal epithelium.

SCH 12223 is a unique drug that protects the stomach and intestinal epithelium from harmful irritation.

STA 2 is an analogue of TXA2, a thromboxane receptor in the colonic epithelium.

Sucrose octasulfate (SOS), a component of the gastrointestinal protectant sucralfate, is an alkaline aluminum-sucrose complex that inhibits peptic hydrolysis and raises gastric pH, protecting esophageal epithelium against acid injury. It can bind to exosite II of thrombin (KD = ~1.4 μM) and inhibit its catalytic activity (IC50 = 4.5 μM) and, as such, has been used as a surrogate for heparin. Furthermore, SOS has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma models by preventing fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) binding to endothelial cells and also by removing any pre-bound FGF-2 from these cells (IC50 = ~2 μg/ml).

11-cisRetinol is an isomer of vitamin A . It is formed from vitamin A,viaatrans-retinyl ester intermediate, by the enzyme RPE65 in the retinal pigment epithelium and then converted to 11-cis retinal as part of the visual cycle.1,211-cisRetinol is an agonist of salamander and human red rod opsins expressed in COS cells and an inverse agonist of salamander red cone opsin, as well as human red and green cone opsins expressed in COS cells.3It promotes pigment formation in cone, but not rod, photoreceptors. 1.Rando, R.R.The biochemistry of the visual cycleChem. Rev.101(7)1881-1896(2001) 2.Guignard, T.J.P., Jin, M., Pequignot, M.O., et al.FATP1 inhibits 11-cis retinol formation via interaction with the visual cycle retinoid isomerase RPE65 and lecithin: Retinol acyltransferaseJ. Biol. Chem.285(24)18759-18768(2010) 3.Ala-Laurila, P., Cornwall, M.C., Crouch, R.K., et al.The action of 11-cis-retinol on cone opsins and intact cone photoreceptorsJ. Biol. Chem.284(24)16492-16500(2009)

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

Lavendustin B 是一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，是 HIV-1 整合酶 (IN) 与其同源细胞辅助因子、晶状体上皮衍生生长因子 (LEDGF p75) 相互作用的抑制剂。

Piriprost is a leukotriene inhibitor attenuates the smoke-induced increase in alveolar-capillary barrier permeability and decrease in plasminogen activator activity and causes a swelling of type I alveolar epithelium.

Y27632 is a selective ROCK inhibitor, which inhibits ET-1-induced increases in natriuretic peptide production, cell size, protein synthesis, and myofibrillar organization. Y27632 prevents dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, increases apoptosis and disrupts the actin cortical mat in embryonic avian corneal epithelium, affects initial heart myofibrillogenesis in cultured chick blastoderm, promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of cultured astrocyte from spinal cord.

Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 抑制 A2E 光氧化诱导的RPE 细胞死亡。Myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 对视网膜变性具有保护作用，可保护蓝光 (BL) 诱导对 RPE 细胞和小鼠模型的损伤。

Bezlotoxumab 是一种针对 C. difficile 毒素 B 的人单克隆抗体。Bezlotoxumab 与 C. difficile 毒素 B 结合，可预防肠上皮损伤和结肠炎。

Dectrekumab (QAX576) 是一种靶向 IL-13的人源化单克隆抗体，可降低嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎 (EoE) 患者上皮内的嗜酸性粒细胞数量，改善食管疾病相关的转录失调情况，适用于研究免疫系统疾病。

Pyr-Gly为抑制肽类化合物，能够抑制视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞及成纤维细胞的增殖作用。

N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine (1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine; DNP) 为已知致癌物，与鼻咽癌发展及其转移关联。该化合物通过影响包括LYRIC在内的多条信号通路，特别是通过蛋白磷酸化作用于丝氨酸568位，发挥作用。