Isoforretin A is a potent inhibitor of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) with significant biological activity, inducing anti-tumor effects mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The compound inhibits Trx1 activity by covalently binding to the activation site residues Cys32/Cys35, which triggers ROS accumulation, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis (Apoptosis) in cancer cells. Additionally, Isoforretin A has demonstrated the ability to suppress the growth of HepG2 tumors in a mouse hepatic cell carcinoma xenograft model.