Fasudil dihydrochloride, also known as HA-1077 and AT877, is a nonspecific inhibitor of RhoA/ROCK. It exhibits inhibitory effects on protein kinases, including ROCK1 with a Ki value of 0.33 μM, as well as ROCK2, PKA, PKC, and PKG with IC 50 values of 0.158 μM, 4.58 μM, 12.30 μM, and 1.650 μM, respectively. Additionally, Fasudil dihydrochloride demonstrates potent Ca 2+ channel blocking activity and acts as a vasodilator [1] [2] [3].

Fasudil dihydrochloride (100 μM) inhibits cell spreading, the formation of stress fibers, and expression of α-SMA with concomitant suppression of cell growth in rat HSCs (hepatic stellate cells) and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells [4]. Fasudil dihydrochloride (50-100 μM; 24 hours) inhibits the LPA (lysophoaphatidic acid)-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 detected by western blotting in rat HSCs and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells [4]. Fasudil dihydrochloride (25-100 μM; 24 hours) suppresses transcription of collagen and TIMP, stimulates transcription of MMP-1 in human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells [4]. Western Blot Analysis [4] Cell Line: Rat HSCs and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells Concentration: 50 μM; 100 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Suppressed the LPA-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK by 60%, 70%,and 90%, respectively. RT-PCR [4] Cell Line: Rat HSCs and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells Concentration: 25 μM; 50 μM; 100 μM Incubation Time: 24 hours Result: Reduced the expression of type I collagen, a-SMA, and TIMP-1.

Fasudil dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg; i.v.; 1 h before operation) exhibits protectable effects on cardiovascular disease and reduces the activation of JNK and attenuates mitochondrial-nuclear translocation of AIF under ischemic injury [5]. Fasudil dihydrochloride (50 mg/kg/d; i.p.) inhibits acute and relapsing EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) induced by proteolipid protein PLP p139-151, reduces lymphocytes proliferation, results downregulation of interleukin (IL)-17 and a marked decrease of the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio [6]. Fasudil dihydrochloride (100 mg/kg/d; p.o.) significantly reduces incidence and pathological examination score of EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) in SJL/J mice, decreases inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and APP positivein spinal cord in mice [6]. Animal Model: Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rat (250-300 g) [5] Dosage: 10 mg/kg Administration: Intravenous injection; 1 h before operation Result: Activated the Rho-kinase, JNK, and resulted AIF translocated to the nucleus. Inhibited Rho-kinase activity, and reduced myocardial infarct size and heart cell apoptosis.