lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (IC50: 0.07 μM).

Imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) 是一种铁死亡诱导剂，对 system Xc-胱氨酸 谷氨酸转运蛋白具有抑制作用。Imidazole ketone erastin 具有抗肿瘤活性，可以诱导谷胱甘肽耗竭和脂质过氧化。

Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) 是一种非糖皮质激素，是一种脂质过氧化抑制剂，具有抗病毒活性和神经保护活性。Tirilazad mesylate 能使细胞膜内病灶局限化，可减轻创伤、中风、缺血再灌注损伤引起的脊髓损伤，抑制狗体内毒素的作用，降低了内毒素诱导的肠系膜和肾脏 DO2 比容升高。Tirilazad mesylate 可用于研究神经系统疾病。

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) 属于天然生物碱，可抑制 TNF-α 介导的 NFκB 刺激、质膜脂质过氧化和血小板聚集，并抑制细胞因子的产生。Cepharanthine 具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性。

Thiamine monochloride (Vitamin B1) 是人体必不可少的维生素，具有促红细胞生成、调节血糖、抗氧化和调节情绪的作用。Thiamine monochloride 抑制铅引起的脂质过氧化反应，从而防止铅中毒。Thiamine monochloride 在摄入食物的细胞产生能量中起重要作用，并能增强正常的神经元活性。

Ethyl cinnamate 是食品香料和化妆品添加剂，也是哺乳动物组织的优良清除剂。

Citric acid (Citro) 是柑橘类水果中发现的弱有机三羧酸。柠檬酸是食品添加剂和天然防腐剂。

Uric Acid (Lithic acid) 是一种重要的抗氧化剂。Uric acid 能清除活性氧(ROS) ，如单线态氧和过氧亚硝酸盐，抑制脂质过氧化。Uric acid 有助于维持血压的稳定和抗氧化应激。

Mopidamol (RA 233) 是一种磷酸二酯酶抑制剂，是 dipyridamole 衍生物，具有抗癌活性，可预防实验性糖尿病的视网膜血管缺陷。

5-Hydroxy-7-acetoxy-8-methoxyflavone 是一种类黄酮化合物，可以抑制脂质过氧化，可能具有抗流感病毒活性。

Sculponeatin O 是一种 ent-kaurane 二萜衍生物，分离自 Isodon sculponeata 植物。

Hederacolchiside E 具有抗氧化活性，并通过调节氧化应激在阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 模型中显示神经保护作用。 Hederacolchiside E 对亚油酸乳液的脂质过氧化具有抑制作用。 Hederacolchiside E 可能通过阻断缓激肽或其他炎症介质发挥其抗炎作用。

Sculponeatin N 是一种 ent-kaurane 二萜衍生物，分离自 Isodon sculponeata 植物。

VK-28 是一种具有神经保护作用的脑渗透性铁螯合剂。 VK-28 抑制基础以及铁诱导的线粒体脂质过氧化。

KKII5 是一种有效的脂氧合酶 LOX-1 抑制剂，IC50 为 19 μM。KKII5 抑制脂质过氧化，增强部分化合物活性中心接收电子的能力。

FINO2作为一种强效的铁死亡诱导化合物，能够抑制GPX4活性。该化合物作为稳定的氧化剂，有效氧化亚铁并在不同pH水平下表现出稳定性。此外，FINO2诱导广泛的脂质过氧化。

Peimisine (Ebeiensine) 非竞争性拮抗气管平滑肌 M 受体，抑制 Ach 引起的平滑肌收缩。它兴奋 β 受体和拮抗内钙释放，促进一氧化氮释放，可舒张气管平滑肌，有平喘作用。

MTP 131 acetate 是一种小的线粒体靶向四肽。

4-Methyldaphnetin (DHMC) 是一种合成 4-甲基香豆素衍生物的前体。它对几种肿瘤细胞株具有选择性的抗增殖和诱导凋亡的作用。它能够清除自由基，显著抑制膜脂过氧化。

3,6-Dihydroxyflavone 是一种抗癌剂。它能够提高细胞内氧化应激和脂质过氧化。它是能够根据剂量和时间依赖性地降低细胞活力，并活化半胱天冬酶级联、切割聚 (ADP-核糖) 聚合酶 (PARP) 诱导细胞凋亡。

Tinoridine hydrochloride (Y-3642 hydrochloride) 是非甾体抗炎药，具有显著的自由基清除和抗过氧化物特性。

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid by GC- or LC-MS. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a derivative of uric acid and a metabolite of caffeine. It is formed from caffeine by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid scavenges hydroxyl radicals in a cell-free assay and inhibits t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation by 56.5% in isolated human erythrocyte membranes.

N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues.

4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, that is widely used as a marker of oxidative stress. 4-HNE exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity. 4-hydroperoxy 2-Nonenal is the immediate precursor of 4-HNE formed from the cleavage of ω-6 hydroperoxides. Analogous reactions are expected to occur with hydroperoxides from other ω-6 fatty acids, particularly arachidonic acid.

3,4-Dihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone 显示出抗菌和保肝活性，它能防止叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的新鲜离体大鼠肝细胞的脂质过氧化和细胞死亡，并在一定程度上有效防止细胞谷胱甘肽平衡的扰乱。

Tirilazad是一种21-氨基类固醇非糖皮质激素，具有抑制脂质过氧化的能力。它对于脑或脊髓中因创伤、中风、缺血再灌注损伤所致的损害有减轻作用。此外，Tirilazad还展现出针对新型肺炎病毒的抗病毒活性，并在缺血性中风中提供神经保护，适用于蛛网膜下腔出血研究场景。

AMK is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin .1,2,3,4It is formed from melatoninviathe metabolic intermediate AFMK that is then deformylated by catalase or formamidase.5,6AMK scavenges singlet oxygenin vitrowhen used at a concentration of 200 μM.1It inhibits the epinephrine- and arachidonic acid-induced production of prostaglandin E2and PGD2in ovine seminal vesicle microsomes in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as well as LPS-induced increases in COX-2 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages when used at a concentration of 500 μM.2,3AMK (20 mg/kg) decreases MPTP-induced increases in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria from substantia nigra and striatum in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease.4 1.Schaefer, M., and Hardeland, R.The melatonin metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavengerJ. Pineal Res.46(1)49-52(2009) 2.Kelly, R.W., Amato, F., and Seamark, R.F.N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin, is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.121(1)372-379(1984) 3.Mayo, J.C., Sainz, R.M., Tan, D.-X., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of melatonin and its metabolites, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), in macrophagesJ. Neuroimmunol.165(1-2)139-149(2005) 4.Tapias, V., Escames, G., López, L.C., et al.Melatonin and its brain metabolite N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine prevent mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase induction in parkinsonian miceJ. Neurosci. Res.87(13)3002-3010(2009) 5.Tan, D.-X., Manchester, L.C., Reiter, R.J., et al.Melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide: A potentially new metabolic pathway of melatonin biotransformationFree Radic. Biol. Med.29(11)1177-1185(2000) 6.Hirata, F., Hayaishi, O., Tokuyama, T., et al.In vitro and in vivo formation of two new metabolites of melatoninJ. Biol. Chem.249(4)1311-1313(1974)

8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α) is a metabolite of the isoprostane, 8-isoprostane (8-iso PGF2α), in rabbits, monkeys and humans. 8-iso PGF2α is a PG-like product of non-specific lipid peroxidation. In both humans and monkeys, exogenously infused 8-isoprostane is converted primarily to metabolites having 2 or 4 carbon atoms removed from the top side chain by β-oxidation. A similar pattern is observed when tritiated 8-isoprostane is infused into rabbits. Early in the infusion (within 10 minutes) 8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α was a significant component of the metabolite profile, which was comprised mostly of dinor 8-isoprostane metabolites. 8-iso-13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2α weakly inhibits the U-46619 or collagen-induced aggregation of human platelets, although a number of the E-series isoprostanes are much more potent in this assay.

QD-394 is an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.1It induces lipid peroxidation, increases in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreases in the reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells when used at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 10 μM. QD-394 is cytotoxic to MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, and BxPC-3 cancer cells (IC50s = 0.64, 0.34, and 0.9 μM, respectively). QD-394 acts synergistically with napabucasin to reduce colony formation in MIA PaCa-2 cells. 1.Hu, S., Sechi, M., Singh, P.K., et al.A novel redox modulator induces a GPX4-mediated cell death that is dependent on iron and reactive oxygen speciesJ. Med. Chem.63(17)9838-9855(2020)

Mitoquinol, a ubiquinone derivative, specifically accumulates in mitochondria due to the covalent attachment of the cation triphenylphosphonium. Mitoquinol is an antioxidant, protecting mitochondria from oxidative damage and preventing lipid peroxidation-

9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid ethyl ester (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 μM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 μM for different isoforms of the enzymes. α-ESA ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.

Erastin2 是一种铁死亡诱导剂，通过与亲脂性自由基捕获抗氧化剂ferrostatin-1或铁螯合剂去铁胺（DFO）来诱导细胞死亡。

1(R)-(Trifluoromethyl)oleyl alcohol is an analog of oleic acid .1It inhibits ferroptosis induced by erastin in primary fibroblasts isolated from patients with Friedreich ataxia, a neuro- and cardiodegenerative disorder characterized by loss or impaired activity of frataxin (FXN), when used at concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 μM. 1(R)-(Trifluoromethyl)oleyl alcohol (5 μM) reduces lipid peroxidation induced byFXNsiRNA knockdown in NBT human myoblasts. 1.Cotticelli, M.G., Forestieri, R., Xia, S., et al.Identification of a novel oleic acid analog with protective effects in multiple cellular models of Friedreich ataxiaACS Chem. Neurosci.11(17)2535-2542(2020)

Kielcorin shows antibacterial activity against strain EMRSA-16. It also shows in vitro anti-inflammatory (respiratory burst) inhibiting activities using isolated human neutrophils (IC (50) = 965.21 ± 65.80 uM). trans-Kielcorin has hepatoprotective activity, it can prevent tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cell death in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.

5-Hydroxyoxindole 是尿酸的一种结构类似物，具有脂质过氧化抑制活性和自由基 DPPH 清除活性，可用于氧化应激介导的疾病的研究。

Myricetin 3-O-galactoside (Myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside) 可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶 (xanthine oxidase; XO) 活性，脂质过氧化并清除自由基。杨梅素3- o -半乳糖苷具有很多作用包括细胞毒性、抗氧化、抗基因毒性、抗感染性、抗炎作用和抗氧化活性，其主要作用是抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的合成。Myricetin 3-O-galactoside 抑制脂质过氧化的 IC50 为 160 μg mL。

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) 是一种天然黄酮，具有显著的“两种颜色”固有荧光特性。它具有抗真菌、抗病毒、抗菌、抗突变、抗氧化和抗自由基活性，高效抑制 EYPC 膜脂质过氧化和 HbA 糖基化。

Ferroptosis-IN-3（Compound 25）是一款抑制RSL3引起的铁死亡（HT-1080细胞中EC50为8.6nM）的铁死亡抑制剂。此外，Ferroptosis-IN-3能有效清除DPPH和ABTS自由基（EC50分别为3.94μM与6.3μM），并且能降低脂质过氧化水平。

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid 是咖啡因的代谢产物。其与咖啡因的代谢比可以反映 CYP3A 活性的变化情况。

1-Palmitoyl-2-Linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a phospholipid characterized by the incorporation of palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2) acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. It is utilized in the creation of micelles, liposomes, and various artificial membranes, playing a significant role in research on lipid peroxidation.

T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) 是饲料和谷物中的各种镰刀菌种产生的真菌次生代谢产物，具有很强的生殖毒性，可诱发多种心血管毒性。T-2 Toxin 是一种抑制肽基转移酶 (60s ribosomal 亚基) 结合和蛋白质合成的抑制剂，通过ROS诱导的细胞凋亡诱导TM4细胞功能障碍，抑制 DNA 和 RNA 的合成，增加肝脏脂质过氧化物的水平。

SB 209995, a potent antioxidant, inhibits oxygen-radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity.

Prasterone is an endogenous steroid hormone. Prasterone acts as an agonist at ERβ, NMDA, and σ1 receptors, a partial agonist at ERα and AR, and antagonist at GABA-A receptors. It displays a variety of biologocial activities, including enhancing working me

ChalconesA-N-5, 一种三羟基查耳酮衍生物化合物，浓度低于100 µM (IC50> 1 mM) 时无细胞毒性，能显着促进细胞增殖。此外，ChalconesA-N-5 能促进受损脑组织中神经元的生长，抑制RSL或erastin诱导的铁死亡，并降低Aβ1-42蛋白聚集引发的脂质过氧化水平。因此，ChalconesA-N-5 作为分子骨架的候选物，对于开发用以研究AD的体内试验先导化合物具有重要潜力。

U-74389G is an antioxidant which prevents iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal heart, liver, and kidney models.[1],[2],[3],[4]

DKI5 ((E)-N'-benzylidenehydrazinecarbothiohydrazide) 是一种 LOX-1 抑制剂，IC50 值为 22.5 μM。DKI5 可能具有抗炎和抗氧化活性，在体外生物测定中显示出抗脂质过氧化活性。

Mollugogenol A is a Gammacerane from Mollugo pentaphylla. It is an antifungal saponin with spermatocidal activity. Mollugogenol A also involves sperm membrane damage by increased lipid peroxidation.

8-iso Prostaglandin E2 (8-iso PGE2) is one of several isoprostanes produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids during lipid peroxidation. 8-iso-16-cyclohexyl-tetranor PGE2 is a synthetic analog of 8-iso PGE2. There are no published studies on the pharmacological properties of 8-iso-16-cyclohexyl-tetranor PGE2.