intracellular infection

Methicillin sodium salt 是β-内酰胺抗生素，抑制参与肽聚糖合成的青霉素结合蛋白。

K6PC-5是一种神经酰胺衍生物，作为鞘氨醇激酶1（SPHK1）的激活剂，能快速临时提高细胞内钙水平。考虑到其在与异常角质形成细胞功能相关的皮肤疾病、神经退行性疾病和病毒感染研究中的潜在应用，K6PC-5展现为一个前景广阔的研究用化合物。

S-Acetyl-L-glutathione is a derivative of glutathione .1 It increases intracellular GSH levels in primary fibroblasts derived from patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency when used at a concentration of 50 μM. S-Acetyl-L-glutathione (5 mM) induces apoptosis in Daudi, Raji, and Jurkat lymphoma cells.2 It inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in human foreskin fibroblasts when used at concentrations of 5 and 10 mM.3 S-Acetyl-L-glutathione (6.25 μg/g per day) increases survival in a mouse model of HSV-1 infection.

GSK812397 is a potent entry inhibitor of X4-tropic strains of HIV-1, as demonstrated in multiple in vitro cellular assays. GSK812397 is a noncompetitive antagonist of the CXCR4 receptor, with GSK812397 producing a concentration-dependent decrease in both an SDF-1-mediated chemotaxis and intracellular calcium release (IC50s were 0.34+ -0.01 nM and 2.41+ -0.50 nM, respectively). GSK812397 is effective against a broad range of X4- and X4R5-utilizing clinical isolates. The potency and efficacy of GSK812397 are dependent on the individual isolate, with complete inhibition of infection observed with 24 of 30 isolates. GSK812397 does not show any detectable in vitro cytotoxicity and was highly selective for CXCR4. GSK812397 shows acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability across species. GSK812397 has antiviral activity against a broad range of X4-utilizing strains of HIV-1 via a noncompetitive antagonism of the CXCR4 receptor.

Farrerol 是一种杜鹃花的生物活性成分，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、神经保护和肝保护等多种功能。

ent-Abacavir is an enatiomer of Abacavir. Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection. Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA. Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.

Influenza NP (311-325) 是具有生物活性的肽段，对应于流感病毒核蛋白(NP)的311至325氨基酸。作为MHC II类限制性表位，它用于研究宿主在感染期间的免疫响应。该肽能在细胞内细胞因子检测中诱导强烈的γ干扰素(IFN-γ)产生，但不激活小鼠CD8 T细胞。谷氨酰胺(Q)或谷氨酸(E)位于N端时，焦谷氨酰(pGlu)肽可自发形成。Q或E向pGlu的自然转化及其疏水性γ-内酰胺环在肽的胃肠道蛋白酶稳定性中可能起作用。焦谷氨酰肽作为常见肽的一部分，在HPLC分析中评估肽的纯度。