Ent-11alpha-Hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid has anti-cancer activity, it induces apoptosis of human malignant cancer cells, it also inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via stabilizing IkBα.
Ptaquiloside shows genotoxicity, it also has carcinogenic effects. Ptaquiloside has immunosuppressive effects, it reduces NK cell activities by enhancing metallothionein expression, which is prevented by selenium.