Ptaquiloside shows genotoxicity, it also has carcinogenic effects. Ptaquiloside has immunosuppressive effects, it reduces NK cell activities by enhancing metallothionein expression, which is prevented by selenium.
Ent-11alpha-Hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid has anti-cancer activity, it induces apoptosis of human malignant cancer cells, it also inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via stabilizing IkBα.