Protoporphyrin IX

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) 是一种四吡咯，是血红素、细胞色素 c 和叶绿素的代谢前体。Protoporphyrin IX 具有改善肝脏机能、促进细胞组织呼吸、改善蛋白质和糖代谢、抗补体结合等作用。

Cu (II) Protoporphyrin IX functions as a negative control for Zn (II) Protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase inhibitor. Heme oxygenase is involved in tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy and the regulation of free radical formation, inflammation, and vascular repair.

Mg(II) protoporphyrin IX is a crucial compound in the synthesis of chlorophyll in Chlorella. It also serves as a negative regulator of nuclear photosynthetic gene expression. Additionally, Mg(II) protoporphyrin IX is employed as a valuable research tool for investigating the signaling molecule involved in plastid-to-nucleus communication.

Ni(II) protoporphyrin IX is a metalloporphyrin compound characterized by its limited propensity for axial ligation and its distortion upon binding to ferrochelatase.

Mn(II) protoporphyrin IX is a potent intravenous paramagnetic magnetic resonance contrast agent, known for its strong paramagnetic properties.

Ga(III)protoporphyrin-IX, a model for interporphyrin interactions in malaria pigment, possesses potent antibacterial effects against gram-negative, gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria. It exhibits high solubility in methanol (MeOH) and serves as a malarial pigment analogue for drug development, as well as a potential antibacterial agent.

Cobalt protoporphyrin IX 作为一种特异性的血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1) 诱导剂，表现出对甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 的广谱抗病毒活性。

Pd(II) Protoporphyrin IX为一种天然的卟啉衍生物。

Cr(III) Protoporphyrin IX Chloride是一种高纯度生化试剂，适合作为生物材料或有机合成中间体，广泛应用于生命科学领域的研究与实验。

Tin-protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPPIX dichloride) 是血红素加氧酶-1 (HO-1) 抑制剂，具有抗病毒活性，抑制登革热和黄热病病毒，可改善肝部分切除术后的肝脏再生。

Protoporphyrin IX disodium 作为辐射敏化剂，在缺氧环境下能有效增强 ROS 的生成并诱导 DNA 损伤。作为光敏剂，该化合物在光照射下可经历光漂白反应直接降解。此外，Protoporphyrin IX disodium 能在大鼠肿瘤细胞中通过给药 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) 形成并积累。在 405 nm 波长的红色荧光激活下，它可有效改善基底细胞癌的病情。Protoporphyrin IX disodium 在声动力和光动力疗法中对治疗膀胱癌和结节性基底细胞癌具有研究潜力。

Cobaltic Protoporphyrin IX chloride (CoPP)是一种有效的血红素加氧酶 1(HO-1)诱导剂，具有抗病毒活性，通过诱导 I 型 IFN 反应来抑制甲型流感病毒(IAV)感染。

Mn(Ⅲ) Protoporphyrin IX Chloride (Manganese(Ⅲ) Protoporphyrin IX Chloride) 是原卟啉 IX 的金属化衍生物，是 MRI 的实验性松弛增强剂。

N-Methylprotoporphyrin IX 是有效的肝铁螯合酶 (ferrochelatase enzyme) 抑制剂。

5-ALA benzyl ester hydrochloride (Benzyl-ALA hydrochloride) 是一种原卟啉前体，可用作光检测器。5-ALA benzyl ester hydrochloride 在结肠癌细胞系中可以诱导原卟啉 IX (PPIX) 的积聚。

Acifluorfen 是一种除草剂。Acifluorfen 是一种原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂，可促进原卟啉 IX 的积累，并诱导啮齿动物肝脏发生肿瘤。它会引起敏感植物物种中的色素和脂质强烈的光氧化破坏。

Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) 是一种具有口服活性的，竞争性血红素加氧酶-1 抑制剂，显著减弱间苯三酚对 H2O2 的保护作用，具有抗癌活性。它用于评估人群铁状态与血红蛋白浓度的组合，也可用作个体孕妇和儿童缺铁的筛查标志物。

Methyl aminolevulinate is a prodrug that can be metabolized to Protoporphyrin IX. Methyl aminolevulinate is an agent used as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

ABCG2-IN-4 (Compound K31) 是一种口服有效的ABCG2抑制剂，可减少Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) 从红细胞释放到血浆中，防止光毒性。在小鼠模型中，ABCG2-IN-4 展示了显著的抗炎和抗氧化活性。

CP94, an iron chelator, enhances protoporphyrin IX photobleaching and reduces the viability of A431 squamous epithelial carcinoma cells at a 150 µM concentration with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using protoporphyrin IX precursors such as aminolevulinic acid (ALA), methyl aminolevulinate (MAL), or hexylaminolevulinate (HAL). Additionally, CP94 (2 mg ml in drinking water) lowers hepatic non-heme and ferritin-bound iron levels while increasing hepatic protoporphyrin levels in mice. It also counteracts ferrocene-induced rises in rat brain iron levels at a dosage of 100 mg kg.