Lentztrehalose A, a disaccharide microbial metabolite identified in Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. This compound specifically inhibits M. smegmatis trehalase—an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism—more effectively than trehalase from porcine kidney, with IC50 values of 0.67 mM and >20 mM, respectively. Additionally, Lentztrehalose A at a concentration of 100 mM promotes autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells. When administered at 50 mg kg daily, it enhances survival rates and impedes tumor growth in a Sarcoma 180 murine sarcoma model.
Lentztrehalose B, a microbial disaccharide metabolite isolated from Lentzea, exhibits a range of biological activities. At a concentration of 100 µM, it demonstrates antioxidant properties in an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Furthermore, Lentztrehalose B at 10 mM inhibits porcine kidney trehalase, an enzyme involved in trehalose metabolism. Additionally, it induces autophagy in MeWo melanoma and OVK18 ovarian cancer cells when applied at 100 mM.
Dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) is a cationic amphipathic lipid. DDA liposomes containing an Ag85B-ESAT-6 antigen induce antigen deposition at an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection site in mice, increasing immune cell exposure to the antigen. In a guinea pig model of M. tuberculosis infection, spleen bacterial load is reduced and lung and spleen lesion numbers are decreased when the mycobacterial lipid antigens Ac2SGL and PIM2 are administered in liposomes comprised of DDA and a synthetic analog of the mycobacterial cord factor trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (TDB). DDA has also been used in the study of lipid bilayer dynamics.