proteasomal

MV151 is a fluorescent broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitor for labeling proteasomes in vitro and in vivo. MV151 specifically targets all active subunits of the proteasome and immunoproteasome in living cells, allowing for rapid and sensitive in-gel detection. The inhibition profile of a panel of commonly used proteasome inhibitors could be readily determined by MV151 labeling. Administration of MV151 to mice allowed for in vivo labeling of proteasomes, which correlated with inhibition of proteasomal degradation in the affected tissues. This probe can be used for many applications ranging from clinical profiling of proteasome activity, to biochemical analysis of subunit specificity of inhibitors, and to cell biological analysis of the proteasome function and dynamics in living cells.

(E)-Ferulic acid ((E)-Coniferic acid) 是阿魏酸的异构体，阿魏酸是在植物细胞壁中丰富存在的芳香族天然产物。 它引起 β-catenin 的磷酸化，导致其蛋白酶体降解，增加促凋亡因子 Bax 的表达，降低促生存因子的表达。它在人肺癌细胞系 H1299 中发挥抗增殖和抗迁移作用。

Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) 是一种HDAC 抑制剂，可抑制HDAC1的活性，诱导HDAC2的降解。它激活Notch1信号并抑制小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖。它可研究癫痫、偏头痛和双相情感障碍等。

Divalproex Sodium (Valproate semisodium) 结合并抑制 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 转氨酶，其抗惊厥活性可通过增加 GABA 脑浓度和抑制分解 GABA 或阻止 GABA 再摄取到神经胶质和神经末梢的酶来发挥。它也是一种 HDAC 抑制剂。由丙戊酸钠和丙戊酸组成，具有抗惊厥和抗癫痫活性。 Divalproex 还可以通过抑制电压敏感的钠通道来抑制重复的神经元放电。

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) 是一种 HDAC 抑制剂，可抑制 HDAC1 活性，诱导 HDAC2 降解，具有口服活性。Valproic Acid 可以用于癫痫和躁郁症的研究。

BP is a rare class enhancer of proteasomal activation in the absence of a heat shock response.

Sanggenon C (Sanggenone C) 是一种从桑属的根皮中分离得到的黄烷酮 Diels-Alder 加合物化合物。它可抑制NF-κB 活性，抑制 RAW264.7 细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达，以及肿瘤坏死因子-α 刺激的细胞粘附和血管细胞粘附分子-1 的表达。 它具有抗氧化和抗炎作用，也有抑制胰脂肪酶作用。

Tat-βsyn-degron是一种降低α-synuclein表达的肽。其结构包括HIV-1 Tat质膜跨导域、与β-synuclein氨基酸36-45相对应的α-synuclein结合域βsyn，以及蛋白酶体定向域degron。Tat-βsyn-degron能够与重组α-synuclein结合，并在大鼠初级皮质神经元培养中降低α-synuclein水平。

FX12 是一种选择性抑制剂和降解剂，针对 RNF5 E3 ubiquitin ligase 发挥作用。FX12 直接结合 RNF5，在体外抑制其 E3 活性，并通过 ERAD 机制促进 RNF5 在细胞中的蛋白酶体降解。

Azurin p28 peptide是一种具有肿瘤穿透能力和抗肿瘤活性的肽。它通过与p53结合形成p28:p53复合物，从而降低p53在蛋白酶体中的降解，进而诱导细胞凋亡(apoptosis)或使细胞周期停滞。此外，Azurin p28 peptide通过抑制VEGFR-2、FAK和Akt的磷酸化表现出抗血管生成效果，抑制p53阳性肿瘤的生长。

Gliotoxin-13C13is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliotoxin by GC- or LC-MS. Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains ofAspergillusand other fungi with diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50= 10 μM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.2,3Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.4,5It suppresses viral infection by Nipah and Hendra virus in HEK293T cells (IC50s = 149 and 579 nM, respectively).6Under reducing conditions, gliotoxin inhibits leukotriene A4hydrolase epoxide hydrolase activity, but not aminopeptidase activity, and leukotriene B4synthesis in neutrophils and monocytes.7

PR-924 is a selective inhibitor of tripeptide epoxyketone immunoproteasome subunit LMP-7 (IC50: 22 nM). PR-924 inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. PR-924 has antitumor activities. PR-924 covalently modifies proteasomal N-terminal threonine active sites.

NU223612 是一种有效的PROTAC(PROTACs)，可降解吲哚胺 2,3-双加氧酶 1 (IDO1) (Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO))，Kd 为 640 nM。NU223612 通过CRBN 介导的蛋白酶体降解有效降解IDO1蛋白。NU223612 以 290 nM 的亲和力与 CRBN 结合。NU223612 可以穿过血脑屏障 (BBB)。

Corosolic acid (Colosic acid) 是从大花紫薇中提取的一种天然产物，具有抗肿瘤活性。

γ-AA peptide P6 作为E6相关蛋白(E6AP)的有效激活剂, 在体外重组反应中能够促进E6AP的自我泛素化以及催化底物的泛素化作用。此外，γ-AA peptide P6 在细胞内部能够增强E6AP底物的泛素化，并加速其通过蛋白酶体的降解过程。

PROTAC_ERRα 是一种有效的选择性 ERRα降解剂。PROTAC_ERRα 诱导蛋白酶体降解，并且能够特异性降解 ERRα蛋白 >80%。

NRX-0492 是一种口服有效的 BTK 降解剂。NRX-0492 催化 BTK 泛素化和蛋白酶体降解 (DC50≤0.2 nM，DC90≤0.5 nM)。NRX-0492 抑制 B 细胞受体 (BCR) 介导的信号、转录程序和趋化因子分泌。NRX-0492 能够把非共价 BTK 结合域连接到 Cereblon。Cereblon 是 E3泛素连接酶复合物的一种衔接蛋白。

Promotes proteasomal degradation of Miro1 (mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1). Reduces Miro1 levels in fibroblasts from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (IC50 = 7.8 μM). Exhibits no significant effect on related outer mitochondrial membrane protein Mitofusin. Reduces stress-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from PD patient iPSCs. Rescues age-dependent neuronal loss and prolongs lifespan in fly PD models.

CP5V, a PROTAC, induces mitotic inhibition, and suppresses cancer cell proliferation. It specifically degrades Cdc20 by linking Cdc20 to the VHL VBC complex for ubiquitination followed by proteasomal degradation.

JH-XI-10-02 causes proteasomal degradation, does not affect CDK8 mRNA levels. JH-XI-10-02 shows no effect on CDK19. JH-XI-10-02 is a potent and selective degrader of CDK8, with an IC50 of 159 nM, based on PROTAC.

Proteasome-activating peptide 1 是一种肽，其作用是提升胰凝乳蛋白酶样蛋白酶体（proteasome）的催化活性，有效增强体外及细胞培养环境下的蛋白质降解效率。此外，该肽能阻止肌萎缩侧索硬化症（Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, ALS）细胞模型中蛋白质的过度聚集。

WH244 是一种二代BCL-2和BCL-xL双重降解剂 (PROTAC)。其主要功能是选择性降解BCL-2和BCL-xL蛋白 (BCL-xL：DC50=0.6 nM, BCL-2：DC50=7.4 nM)。WH244 通过作用于这些蛋白促进其泛素化并导致蛋白酶体降解，从而恢复细胞凋亡路径。WH244 展现出良好的抗肿瘤活性。(Pink: BCL-2 BCL-xL ligand ; Blue: E3 ligase ligand ; Black: linker)。

α1A-AR Degrader 9c（化合物 9c）是一种高效、选择性且可逆的α1A-AR PROTAC降解剂，DC50值为2.86 μM。它通过蛋白酶体途径诱导α1A-AR的降解，并且在抑制PC-3细胞增殖方面表现出活性，IC50为6.12 μM。此外，α1A-AR Degrader 9c展现出在前列腺癌研究中的抗肿瘤潜力。

DA-PROTAC是Atox1和CCS铜离子转运蛋白的有效PROTAC降解剂。该化合物能够与Atox1和CCS结合形成复合体，进而与E3连接酶相结合，引起Atox1和CCS的泛素化水平增加，最终通过蛋白酶体途径导致这两种蛋白的降解。DA-PROTAC在三阴性乳腺癌的研究中有应用潜力。

CEP-1612 is a proteasomal inhibitor responsible for the proteolysis of proteins that regulate important cell cycles and apoptosis. CEP-1612 can induce p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 expression and apoptosis, and inhibit tumor growth of human lung cancer.

NCT02 是一种细胞周期蛋白 K 降解剂，可诱导细胞周期蛋白 K (CCNK) 的泛素化和 CCNK 及其复合物 CDK12 的蛋白酶体降解。NCT02具有研究转移性结直肠癌 (CRC) 的潜力。

MMRi62 (7-[(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-ylamino)methyl]quinolin-8-ol) 是一种铁死亡 (ferroptosis) 诱导剂，靶向 MDM2-MDM4 (抑癌基因 p53 负调控因子)。MMRi62 对胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 细胞显示出 p53 独立的促凋亡 (apoptosis) 活性，并诱导其自噬 (autophagy)。MMRi62 诱导铁死亡，伴随着活性氧增加和铁蛋白重链 (FTH1) 溶酶体降解。MMRi62 还可导致突变型 p53 的蛋白酶体降解，并对具有 KRAS 和 TP53 高频突变特征的原位异种移植 PDAC 小鼠模型具有体内药效。

Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) 是泛 BCL-2家族蛋白抑制剂，对 BCL-2 的 Ki 值为 220 nM。它是 BH3 模拟物，具有抗癌和广谱抗寄生虫活性。它诱导自噬依赖性细胞死亡，并靶向细胞周期蛋白 D1 进行蛋白酶体降解。

PLX-3618 是一款通过促进 BRD4 的多泛素化进而实现其蛋白酶体降解的单价直接降解剂，具体是通过募集 E3 连接酶底物受体 DCAF11 来执行此功能，DC50 为 12.2 nM。该化合物有效抑制多种癌细胞增殖，并在小鼠模型中显示出抗 AML (acute myeloid leukemia) 肿瘤活性，能够诱导 AML 细胞的凋亡 (apoptosis)。

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) PROTAC 1a是一种利用蛋白质降解靶向嵌合体(PROTAC)技术，通过连接区域将cereblon配体1与sEH抑制剂t-TUCB结合。该化合物通过促进sEH的降解，特异性抑制sEH的水解酶活性(IC50 = 0.8 nM)，相较于其磷酸酶活性(IC50 = >10,000 nM)具有较高选择性。sEH PROTAC 1a还特定促进细胞质中而非过氧体中的sEH降解，并通过溶酶体而非蛋白酶体实现其降解。它能够降低thapsigargin诱导的HepG2与293T细胞中磷酸化的inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)水平和X-box结合蛋白1 (XBP1)剪接，表明能减少ER应激。

RB-005 is a potent sphingosine kinase isoform 1 (SK1) inhibitor, which may serve as therapeutic agent for proliferative diseases, including hypertension. RB-005, (IC(50) = 3.6 μM), which also induced proteasomal degradation of SK1 in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

NBI-961为高效NEK2抑制剂，能阻断蛋白酶体降解作用。该化合物在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)细胞中诱导G2/有丝分裂停滞及细胞凋亡(apoptosis)。

Proteasome-activating peptide 1 TFA 是一种肽类蛋白酶体激活剂，能显著增强胰凝乳蛋白酶样蛋白酶体的催化活性，进而提升体外及培养环境中的蛋白质水解效率。此外，Proteasome-activating peptide 1 TFA 还能有效阻止肌萎缩侧索硬化症细胞模型内的蛋白质聚集现象。

Pyrithione cadmium suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of proteasomal deubiquitinase

CEP-18770 is an orally bioavailable synthetic P2 threonine boronic acid inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, with potential antineoplastic activity. Proteasome inhibitor CEP 18770 represses the proteasomal degradation of a variety of proteins, including inhibitory kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha), resulting in the cytoplasmic sequestration of the transcription factor NF-kappaB; inhibition of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcriptional up-regulation of a variety of cell growth-promoting factors; and apoptotic cell death in susceptible tumor cell populations. In vitro studies indicate that this agent exhibits a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward normal human epithelial cells, bone marrow progenitors, and bone marrow-derived stromal cells relative to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. The intracellular protein IkappaBalpha functions as a primary inhibitor of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB.

(S)-FTY-720 Vinylphosphonate inhibits sphingosine kinase 1 and promotes its proteasomal degradation in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle, breast cancer cells, and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Luminespib, also known as AUY-922, NVP-AUY922, VER52296, is a derivative of 4,5-diarylisoxazole and a third-generation heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor AUY922 has been shown to bind with high affinity to and inhibit Hsp90, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of oncogenic client proteins; the inhibition of cell proliferation; and the elevation of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in a wide range of human tumor cell lines.

BIIB028 is a small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor BIIB028 blocks the binding of oncogenic client proteins to Hsp90, which may result in the proteasomal degradation of these proteins and so the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in the conformational maturation of oncogenic signaling proteins, such as Her2/Erbb2, Akt, Raf1, Bcr-Abl, and mutated p53, in addition to other molecules involved in cell cycle regulation and immune responses.

PROTAC Mcl1 degrader-1 induces the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 by introducing the E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN)-binding ligand pomalidomide to Mcl-1 inhibitor S1-6 with μM-range affinity. PROTAC Mcl1 degrader-1, a proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), is a potently and selectively Mcl-1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.78 μM.

Radicicol is an antifungal antibiotic, impairs mitochondrial replication by targeting P. falciparum topoisomerase VIB. Radicicol is an inhibitor of Hsp90 (IC50: 1 μM). Radicicol binds to the ATPase domain of Hsp90 and prevents maturation of Hsp90 clients,