Manzamine A is a GSK-3 inhibitor and vacuolar ATPase uncoupler found in marine sponges. It inhibits autophagy and tumor growth in cancer models, suppresses foam cell formation in macrophages, prevents growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria, an
The early stage of atherosclerosis is characterized by the aggregation of foam cells, so called a fatty streak, in the inner arterial wall. CAY10487 inhibits formation of fatty streak lesions of the thoracic aorta in high cholesterol-fed rabbits without affecting plasma lipid profiles or significantly inhibiting ACAT-1 or ACAT-2 activity. The percent area occupied by the atherosclerotic lesion in rabbits supplemented with 0.05% CAY10487 in the diet was 16.1% compared to 53.5% in control rabbits. CAY10487 also exhibits antioxidant activity, inhibiting copper-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by about 75% at a concentration of 2 μM.
F-1394 is an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor. F-1394 both prevents the formation of atherosclerosis and accelerates its regression without affecting the serum TC level, indicating that F-1394 acts directly on the arterial wall. F-1394 significantly reduced neointimal thickening and the extent of macrophages in lesions without affecting serum cholesterol levels. In vitro, F-1394 attenuated foam cell formation in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Myrianthic acid shows anticancer activity, it shows inhibitory activities on foam cell formation in human monocyte-derived macrophages induced by acetylated low-density lipoproteins at a 50 uM concentration. Myrianthic acid is equivalently inhibitive as acetylsalicylic acid (IC50: 57.0 microM) on epinephrine induced platelet aggregation.
Tanshindiol C protects macrophages from oxLDL induced foam cell formation via activation of Prdx1 ABCA1 signaling and that Prdx1 may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis.It possesses a unique anti-cancer activity whose mechani