fumarate

Fumaric acid (2-Butenedioic acid) 与烟酸酶缺乏症相关，是癌症相关的内源性代谢物。

3-Aminopropionitrile fumarate (2:1) (β-Aminopropionitrile fumarate) 是一种能抑制胶原蛋白(collagen)交联的山黧豆素。

Diethyl fumarate 是农药马拉硫磷的分解产物。 Diethyl fumarate 会在皮肤上引起非免疫性接触性荨麻疹。

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) 是一种 Nrf2 激活剂，具有口服活性和血脑屏障渗透性。Dimethyl fumarate 具有抗菌、抗炎和免疫调节活性，被用于研究多发性硬化症。

Monomethyl fumarate 是 Dimethyl fumarate 的活性代谢产物。Monomethyl fumarate 是一种 GPR109A 激动剂。Monomethyl fumarate 是一种 GPR109A 激动剂具有用于多种神经保护途径和其他视网膜疾病模型的潜力。

Monoethyl fumaric acid is a natural product.

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) 是天然存在的二羧酸，是水果酸甜味的来源，常用作食品添加剂。

Mesaconic acid (Methylfumaric acid) 被用作阻燃剂，因为最近的研究表明这种酸是富马酸盐还原的竞争性抑制剂。

Harzianopyridone is an atpenin-like compound that functions as an inhibitor of mammalian and nematode mitochondrial complex II, also known as succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR), demonstrating IC50 values of 0.017, 0.2, and 2 μM against bovine, rat, and nematode complex II, respectively. Additionally, it inhibits nematode quinol-fumarate reductase (QFR) with an IC50 value of 0.36 μM. Significantly selective for complex II over complexes I and III in rats and cattle, as well as complex I in nematodes, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, it exhibits notable antibacterial and antifungal properties, with EC50 values of 35.9, 42.2, 60.4, and 50.2 μg ml against R. solani, S. rolfsii, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum, respectively.

Paecilaminol (FKI-0550) 为一种高效的 NADH 富马酸还原酶 (NADH-fumarate reductase) 抑制剂，其对蛔虫 (Ascaris suum) NADH 富马酸还原酶展现了 5.1 μM 的 IC50 值。