Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (GS-1278 Disoproxil Fumarate) is a pro-drug, fumaric acid salt form of tenofovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of adenosine. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is prescribed to treat HIV and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) in adults.

Tenofovir在MTT实验中对HK-2细胞的存活能力表现出细胞毒性效应（IC50: 9.21/2.77 μM在48/72小时）。该化合物降低HK-2细胞中的ATP水平，并在3.0-28.8 μM浓度范围内促进蛋白质羰基化和氧化应激。此外，Tenofovir还通过线粒体损伤促进HK-2细胞的凋亡。在0.25% HEC中配制的M48U1和Tenofovir能够抑制活化的PBMCs中X4-热性HIV-1IIIb与R5-热性HIV-1BaL的复制，并抑制患者源HIV-1分离物及多个实验室株。上述混合物对R5-热性HIV-1BaL感染表现出协同的抗逆转录病毒活性，对PBMCs无毒性。

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate（20/50/140/300mg/kg）在BLT人源化小鼠的阴道HIV挑战实验中表现出剂量依赖性活性。Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate（50/140/300mg/kg）显著降低了BLT小鼠中HIV的传播率。此外，Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate（0.5/1.5/5.0 mg/kg/day，p.o.）在慢性感染WHV的旱獭中促进了血清病毒量剂量依赖性下降。Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate的应用在慢性HBV感染的旱獭模型中被证明是安全且有效的。

HAT and HDAC Activity Assays :After homogenization of cardiac tissues, nucleoproteins are extracted using a Nuclear Extract Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. HAT and HDAC activities of the nuclear protein extracts are determined using a colorimetric assay included in the HAT and HDAC assay kits.

Cells are plated into 48-well tissue culture plates (39,000 cells/mL) and allowed to grow for 48 h followed by treatment with vehicle or Tenofovir. Following the treatment period, cell viability is assessed using the MTT assay. The MTT assay relies on the conversion of tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethlthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan by NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases.

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate is prepared in a placebo control. Twenty adult chronic WHV carrier woodchucks are stratified equally by age, sex, body weight, and serum GGT activity into five treatment groups consisting of four animals each: (i) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 15.0 mg/kg once per day, (ii) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 5.0 mg/kg/day, (iii) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 1.5 mg/kg/day, (iv) Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate at 0.5 mg/kg/day, and (v) a placebo control. The woodchucks are treated daily for 4 weeks and observed for an additional 12 weeks following cessation of drug treatment.