sodium ions

Procainamide hydrochloride (Procapan) 是一种用于研究心律失常的抗心律失常制剂。

Sodium orthovanadate 是一种蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶，碱性磷酸酶和一些ATP 酶的抑制剂，有可能充当磷酸盐类似物。它具有胰岛素样作用、对心室肌的正性肌力作用和其他代谢作用。

Propafenone (Propafenonum) 是钠通道阻滞剂，它对 β 受体具有高亲和力 (IC50=32 nM)。它能够阻断瞬时外向钾电流 (Ito) (IC50: 4.9 nM) 和持续延迟整流器K+电流 (Isus) (IC50: 8.6 nM) ，具有抗心律失常的作用。它能够诱导线粒体功能障碍及诱导细胞凋亡，从而抑制食管癌增殖。

Prilocaine hydrochloride (Prilocaine HCl) 是一种氨基酰胺类局部麻醉剂，作用于神经元膜上的钠通道并限制癫痫发作的扩散。它是Na K-ATPase 抑制剂，具有神经毒性作用。

Bupivacaine hydrochloride (Vivacaine) 是NMDA 受体抑制剂，可用于慢性疼痛的研究。它可阻断钠、L-钙和钾通道，还阻断SCN5A 通道，IC50为 69.5 μM。

Gramicidin (Gramicidine) 是一种抗菌肽，Gramicidin 二聚体在细菌和动物细胞的细胞膜和细胞器中形成离子通道样孔，使得无机一价离子，如钾离子和钠离子可以通过扩散自由穿过这些孔，破坏了膜之间重要的离子梯度，从而通过各种作用杀死细胞。Gramicidin 对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性细菌有效，但对大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性细菌效果不佳。

Cis-ACBD (cis-1-aminocyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) 是一种有效的选择性 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体激动剂。

Cyclopenthiazide (Cyclomethiazide) 是一种噻嗪类利尿剂，用于治疗高血压和心力衰竭。减少钙离子和尿酸的排泄，增加钠和钾离子的排泄。

Batrachotoxin (BTX) 存在于哥伦比亚箭毒蛙 (Phyllobates aurotaenia) 的皮肤中，是一种功能强大的神经毒素兼心脏毒素。其通过激活细胞膜上的电压门控钠离子通道 (sodium channel)，阻断这些通道的正常关闭功能，从而使钠离子持续流入细胞，导致细胞持续去极化。

5-chloro Hydrochlorothiazide is a derivative of hydrochlorothiazide, which is a diuretic and antihypertensive agent that increases renal excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions by inhibiting tubular reabsorptive mechanisms.

Tetranactin is a macrotetrolide and a monovalent cation ionophore that has been found in S. aureus and has antibacterial, insecticidal, and mitogenic activities. It exhibits an equilibrium permeability ratio 1,000-fold greater for lithium than sodium or cesium ions accross bilayer membranes at low voltages. Tetranactin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and C. miyabeanus and R. solani fungi when used at concentrations less than 0.9 μg/ml. Tetranactin (0.5-1.5 μg per insect) dose-dependently increases the mortality of adult C. chinensis weevils up to 100% and has mitogenic activity against T. telarius when sprayed onto plants with an LC50 value of 9.2 μg/ml. It reduces IL-1β- and cAMP-induced secretion of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from rat mesangial cells (IC50s = 43 and 33 nM, respectively). Tetranactin (50 ng/ml) suppresses the proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by allogeneic cells and IL-2 and supresses the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures. In vivo, tetranactin (10 mg/animal per day) completely inhibits the formation of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats.

8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium is a sodium salt compound that selectively activates exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac). These Epac proteins are cAMP-sensitive guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) responsible for activating small GTPases Rap1 and Rap2. 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium specifically activates Epac1 with an EC50 value of 2.2 μM, while showing no activation of PKA with an EC50 value greater than 10 μM [1]. Additionally, 8-CPT-2Me-cAMP sodium stimulates the Epac-mediated release of calcium ions (Ca2+) in vitro in pancreatic β-cells [2].

Ilaprazole sodium (IY-81149 sodium) 是一种具有口服活性质子泵抑制剂，以剂量依赖性方式不可逆地抑制 H+ K+-ATPase，在兔壁细胞制剂中的 IC50为 6 μM。它也是一种有效的 T 细胞起源蛋白激酶(TOPK)抑制剂，用于胃溃疡的研究。

TRPC6-IN-3 (compound 17) 是一种口服具有活力的瞬时受体电位 C6 离子通道 (TRPC6) 抑制剂。TRPC6-IN-3 能够调节细胞内钙浓度，也能够调节包括钙离子和钠离子在内的阳离子通量来调节膜电位。TRPC6-IN-3 可以用于研究呼吸系统。

Deethylindanomycin is a polyether antibiotic that has been found in S. setonii. It is active against a variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including various strains of S. aureus and Streptococcus, as well as one strain of S. pneumoniae (MICs = 4, 4, and 2 μg/ml, respectively). It is also active against coccidia in vitro, inhibiting E. tenella development, but is inactive against E. tenella infection in chicks when administered at a dose of 200 μg/g in the diet. Deethylindanomycin acts as an ionophore in lipid bilayer membranes and is more selective for potassium ions than calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions. It induces histamine release from rodent mast cells and human basophils in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner.

Oxybuprocaine is an ester-type local anesthetic that is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine binds to sodium channels and reversibly stabilizes the neuronal membrane which decreases its permeability to sodium ions.

BME-44 (Potassium ionophore III) 是一种高效钾离子载体，具备对钠离子和铵离子的高选择性，并显示出显著的亲脂性。