ERK-IN-3 benzenesulfonate is a potent and orally active inhibitor of ERK . ERK-IN-3 benzenesulfonate inhibits ERK1/2 with low single-digit nM IC 50 values. ERK-IN-3 benzenesulfonate can be used for the research of cancers driven by RAS mutations.
Darinaparsin is a dimethylated arsenic linked to glutathione. It is cytotoxic to DU145, LNCaP, and PC3 prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 5-10 µM) and patient-derived primary prostate cancer cells (IC50s = 2.5-20 µM), as well as Jurkat T cell lymphoma and L540 Hodgkin lymphoma cells (IC50s = 2.7 and 1.3 µM, respectively). [1][2] It decreases the tumor-initiating subpopulation in DU145 and PC3 cells and halts the cell cycle in the G2 M phase. Darinaparsin decreases transcription of Gli-2, a transcription factor that mediates Sonic hedgehog signaling, when used at a concentration of 1.5 but not 3 µM. It decreases SHP1 phosphatase activity and increases ERK phosphorylation. [2] Darinaparsin reduces tumor growth in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer mouse xenograft models when administered at a dose of 100 mg kg every other day.[1]
Theobromine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theobromine by GC- or LC-MS. Theobromine is a methylxanthine alkaloid and derivative of caffeine that has been found in cocoa beans and has diverse biological activities. It is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. Theobromine increases AMPK phosphorylation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium. It inhibits decreases in renal cortex SIRT1 activity and increases in NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as reduces kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 5 mg kg per day.3 Theobromine is toxic to dogs with an LD50 value of 250 to 500 mg kg.
AKP-11 is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) agonist with an EC50 of 0.047 μM for [35S]GTPγS binding to CHO-K1 cell membranes expressing human S1P1. It reduces S1P1 surface expression and enhances Akt and ERK phosphorylation in CHO cells with S1P1-HA at a 100 nM concentration. At doses of 1.3 and 3 mg/kg, AKP-11 lowers IFN-γ and IL-17 protein levels in the spinal cord and mitigates disease severity in a rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Additionally, it decreases peripheral total lymphocyte and specific T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and CD26L+ T cells) counts in both EAE rats and healthy controls at a 1.3 mg/kg dosage.