PDK1 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in Baculovirus insect cells with N-10xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 48.7 kDa and the accession number is Q8BFP9.
Pyruvatedehydrogenasekinase, isozyme 1, also known as [Pyruvatedehydrogenase [lipoamide]] kinase isozyme 1, mitochondrial and PDK1, is a member of the PDK BCKDK protein kinase family. PDK-1 is expressed predominantly in the heart. It contains one histidine kinase domain. Pyruvatedehydrogenasekinase (PDK) isoforms are molecular switches that downregulate the pyruvatedehydrogenase complex (PDC) by reversible phosphorylation in mitochondria. An inhibitory effect of lipoic acid on PDKs would result in less phosphorylation of E1 and hence increased PDC activity. At least two isoenzymic forms of pyruvatedehydrogenasekinase ( PDK-1 and PDK-2 ) may be involved in the regulation of enzymatic activity of mammalian pyruvatedehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation. PDK-3 appears to have the highest specific activity among the three isoenzymes. PDK-1 inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvatedehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit, thus contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism.
PDK3 Protein, Mouse, Recombinant (His) is expressed in E. coli expression system with N-6xHis tag. The predicted molecular weight is 30.3 kDa and the accession number is Q922H2.
Pyruvatedehydrogenasekinase 4 (PDK4) is a mitochondrial protein that regulates the TCA cycle.PDK4, a vital mitochondrial protein, controls the switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation based upon nutrient availability.Pyruvatedehydrogenasekinase 4 (PDK4) mRNA has been reported as an up-regulated gene in the heart and skeletal muscle of carnitine-deficient juvenile visceral steatosis (JVS) mice under fed conditions. PDK4 plays an important role in the inhibition of glucose oxidation via the phosphorylation of pyruvatedehydrogenase complex (PDC).PDK4 gene expression is stimulated by thyroid hormone (T(3)), glucocorticoids, and long chain fatty acids.
Malate Dehydrogenase, Cytoplasmic (MDH1) is an enzyme which belongs to the MDH Type 2 sub-family of LDH MDH superfamily. MDH1 is involved in the Citric Acid Cycle that catalyzes the conversion of Malate into Oxaloacetate (using NAD+) and vice versa. MDH1 should not be confused with Malic Enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of Malate to Pyruvate, producing NADPH. MDH1 also participates in Gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of Glucose from smaller molecules. Pyruvate in the mitochondria is acted upon by Pyruvate Carboxylase to form Pxaloacetate, a Citric Acid Cycle intermediate. In order to transport the Oxaloacetate out of the Mitochondria, Malate Dehydrogenase reduces it to Malate, and it then traverses the inner Mitochondrial membrane. Once in the cytosol, the Malate is oxidized back to Oxaloacetate by MDH1. Finally, Phosphoenol-Pyruvate Carboxy Kinase (PEPCK) converts Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenol Pyruvate.