castrated

S-23 ((S)-3-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide) 是口服选择性雄激素受体调节剂(Ki:1.7 nM)。它能够诱导 CV-1 细胞雄激素受体介导的转录激活，提高去势大鼠前列腺、精囊和肛提肌重量。

Topterone（Win 17,665） 是一种有效的局部抗雄激素，抑制睾酮和二氢睾酮对阉割未成熟雄性仓鼠腰部器官发育的刺激。

Myricanone has antioxidant, and anticancer activities, it has apoptosis-promoting ability by triggering caspase activation, and suppression of cell proliferation by down-regulation of NF-κB and STAT3 signalling cascades. Myricanone shows in vitro testost

NBI-42902 is a potent inhibitor of peptide radioligand binding to the human GnRH receptor (K(i) = 0.56 nm). Tritiated NBI-42902 binds with high affinity (K(d) = 0.19 nm) to a single class of binding sites and can be displaced by a range of peptide and nonpeptide GnRH receptor ligands. In vitro experiments demonstrate that NBI-42902 is a potent functional, competitive antagonist of GnRH stimulated IP accumulation, Ca(2+) flux, and ERK1/2 activation. It did not stimulate histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Finally, it is effective in lowering serum LH in castrated male macaques after oral administration. Overall, these data provide a benchmark of pharmacological characteristics required for a nonpeptide GnRH antagonist to effectively suppress gonadotropins in humans and suggest that NBI-42902 may have clinical utility as an oral agent for suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (source: Endocrinology. 2007 Feb;148(2):857-67. Epub 2006 Nov 9.)

Abarelix acetate is a synthetic third generation gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) antagonist. It increases histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro and from a human skin model ex vivo. In vivo, abarelix decreases plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels six hours post-treatment in castrated rats, with levels returning to baseline within 24 hours.3 Abarelix (2 mg/kg) also transiently decreases plasma testosterone levels in intact rats, with levels returning to baseline within seven days post-treatment. Formulations containing abarelix have previously been used in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.