carcinogen

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) 是一种具有局部止痛作用的化学物质，常被用于缓解手术、损伤尿道及尿路感染引起的疼痛、刺激、不适和尿急。

Glyphosate (Atila) 是氨基酸甘氨酸的衍生物。它是一种除草剂，靶向并阻断植物合成芳香氨基酸所必需的莽草酸途径。

2-Bromobiphenyl 是一种持久性有机污染物，主要存在于土壤和水中。它是一种已知的人类致癌物，与生殖和发育毒性等多种健康影响有关。

Oltipraz (RP 35972) 是一种 Nrf2的强效激活剂。它时间依赖性地抑制 HIF-1α激活，IC50为 10 μM，浓度 ≥ 10 μM 时完全消除 HIF-1α诱导。

Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride (NCI-c01661) 是一种选择性的 α-adrenoceptor 和 calmodulin 的抑制剂，是常用的抗高血压药。

N-Nitrosomorpholine 是一种亚硝胺，具有光敏感性。它对动物有强致癌作用。

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) 是一种化学致癌物，可通过形成大量嘌呤加合物来诱导细菌、真菌和动物的突变。

4-(Dimethylamino)benzaldehyde (p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) 是一种致癌物，可诱导肝癌。

N-Nitroso-N-methylurea 是一种具有烷基化、致癌和致突变特性的亚硝基脲化合物。它靶向多种动物器官，可引起各种癌症和变性疾病，可用于重氮甲烷合成。

AalphaC (2-Amino-alpha-carboline) 是一种潜在的致癌物质。

2-Acetamidofluorene 是一种强致癌物。2-Acetamidofluorene 可用于诱导肝细胞癌 (HCC) 和多原发肿瘤。

Glycidamide is a carcinogen and metabolite of acrylamide that induces DNA adduct formation and mutations.

N-Nitroso-N-methyl-4-aminobutyric acid (NMBA) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen.1It is oxidized to the reactive metabolite methyl-2-oxopropylnitrosamine (MOPN) in isolated rat liver mitochondria.2NMBA induces bladder transitional cell carcinomas in rats when administered in the drinking water at a concentration of 300 mg L per day.3

N-Nitroso sarcosine is a carcinogen and nitrosation product of sarcosine that has been found in cured meat products.1,2In vivo, N-nitroso sarcosine (225 mg kg) induces the formation of metastatic liver carcinomas in mice.2 1.Janzowski, C., Eisenbrand, G., and Preussmann, R.Occurrence of N-nitrosamino acids in cured meat products and their efffect on formation of N-nitrosamines during heatingFood Cosmet. Toxicol.16(4)343-348(1978) 2.Wogan, G.N., Paglialunga, S., Archer, M.C., et al.Carcinogenicity of nitrosation products of ephedrine, sarcosine, folic acid, and creatinineCancer Res.35(8)1981-1984(1975)

Chlornaphazine is an antineoplastic and has been identified as a human carcinogen.

N,N'-Dinitrosopiperazine (1,4-Dinitrosopiperazine; DNP) 为已知致癌物，与鼻咽癌发展及其转移关联。该化合物通过影响包括LYRIC在内的多条信号通路，特别是通过蛋白磷酸化作用于丝氨酸568位，发挥作用。

Lariciresinol 是一种肠木脂素前体，它通过破坏真菌质膜具有杀真菌活性，并具有作为治疗人类真菌感染性疾病的新型抗真菌剂的治疗潜力。膳食 lariciresinol 可以减缓乳腺肿瘤的生长并降低人 MCF-7 乳腺癌异种移植物和致癌物诱导的大鼠乳腺肿瘤的血管密度。

MeIQx (MeIQx) is a food-derived carcinogen that has been found in high temperature-cooked fish and meats.1It is activated by hydroxylation and subsequent O-acetylationviathe cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP1A2 and N-acetyltransferase 2, respectively, in UV5 cells expressing the human enzymes to a metabolite that reacts with DNA to form adducts.2MeIQx (200 and 400 ppm in the diet) induces tumor formation in rats.3

Hexestrol dibutyrate is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

N’-Nitrosonornicotine is a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine and carcinogen that has been found in unburned tobacco and cigarette smoke.1It induces the formation of DNA adducts in isolated rat nasal mucosa and esophagus. N’-Nitrosonornicotine induces tumor formation in rat esophagus and nasal cavity, mouse lung, forestomach, and trachea, and hamster trachea and forebrain. Urinary levels of N’-nitrosonornicotine are positively correlated with the risk of esophageal cancer in smokers.2 1.Hecht, S.S.Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosaminesChem. Res. Toxicol.11(6)559-603(1998) 2.Yuan, J.-M., Knezevich, A.D., Wang, R., et al.Urinary levels of the tobacco-specific carcinogen N’-nitrosonornicotine and its glucuronide are strongly associated with esophageal cancer risk in smokersCarcinogenesis32(9)1366-1371(2011)

Hexestrol diphosphate sodium is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

Glyphosate-13C2-15N 是 Glyphosate 的 13C 和 15 N 的标记化合物。Glyphosate 的 CAS 号为 1071-83-6。Glyphosate 是氨基酸甘氨酸的衍生物。它是一种除草剂，靶向并阻断植物合成芳香氨基酸所必需的莽草酸途径。

Sinigrin hydrate (Allylglucosinolate monohydrate) 是一种天然脂肪族芥子油苷，存在于十字花科植物中。它具有消炎、抗癌、抗真菌、抗菌、抗氧化作用。

PhIP 是来源于熟肉的一种杂环芳香胺(HAA)，属于吡啶类杂环胺，是2B 类致癌物，具有雌激素活性。PhIP 可与 DNA 形成加合物，从而促进癌症发生。

Hexestrol diphosphate tetrasodium is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

Hexestrol dipropionate is a synthetic ER agonist, microtubule polymerization inhibitor, and potential carcinogen. It induces mitotic arrest, aneuploidy, and DNA adduct formation.

Aristolochic acid D 是一种马兜铃酸衍生物，从 Aristolochia indica 茎中分离得到。其中马兜铃酸是一种肾毒素和致癌物。