bosentan

Bosentan (Benzenesulfonamide) 是 endothelin-1 (ET)拮抗剂，在人的 SMC 细胞中，它能够作用于 ETA 受体(Ki:4.7 nM)和 ETB 受体(Ki:95 nM)。

Hydroxy bosentan (Ro 48-5033) is a primary metabolite of Bosentan (BOS) metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver, assisting BOS pharmacologically with 10%-20% activity retention.

Hydroxy desmethyl Bosentan (Ro 64-105) is a Bosentan metabolism produced by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in the liver.

Desmethyl bosentan is an active metabolite of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan .1Desmethyl bosentan (25 μM) activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in CV-1 monkey kidney cells expressing the human receptor in a reporter assay. 1.van Giersbergen, P.L.M., Gnerre, C., Treiber, A., et al.Bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, activates the pregnane X nuclear receptorBr. J. Clin. Pharmacol.54(5)561-562(2002)

Bosentan-d4 是 Bosentan 的氘代物。Bosentan 是一种有效的endothelin-1 (ET)拮抗剂，在人的 SMC 细胞中，作用于ETA 和ETB 受体，Ki 值分别为 4.7 nM 和 95 nM。

Bosentan hydrate (Ro 47-0203) 是endothelin-1 (ET)竞争性拮抗剂，在人SMC 细胞中，它能够作用于 ETA 受体(Ki:4.7 nM)和 ETB 受体(Ki:95 nM)。

Nebentan (YM598) is a potent, selective and orally active non-peptide endothelin ETA receptor antagonist through the modification of Bosentan . Nebentan inhibits [125I] endothelin-1 binding to cloned human endothelin ETA and ETB receptor, with Ki of 0.697 nM and 569 nM, respectively[1]. YM598 can ameliorate the progression of cor pulmonale and myocardial infarction in vivo[2]. Nebentan inhibits the specific binding of [125I] endothelin-1 to endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in a concentration dependent manner,Ki values are 0.697 nM and 1.53 nM for human and rat endothelin ETA receptors, respectively. In contrast, YM598 exhibits low affinities for human and rat endothelin ETB receptors, with Ki values of 569 nM and 155 nM,respectively[1].In measurement of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, Nebentan concentration-dependently inhibits the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 10 nM endothelin-1 in both CHO cells and A10 cells, the IC50 values are 26.2 nM for CHO cells and 26.7 nM for A10 cells, respectively[1]. Nebentan (oral administration; 0.1-1 mg kg; 4 weeks) significantly inhibits the progression of pulmonary hypertension and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy[2].Nebentan (oral administration; 1 mg kg; 30 weeks) significantly ameliorates the poor survival rate of CHF rats, it markedly reduces the hypertrophy of both ventricles as well as pulmonary congestion[2]. [1]. Hironori Yuyama, et al. Pharmacological Characterization of YM598, an Orally Active and Highly Potent Selective Endothelin ET(A) Receptor Antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 30;478(1):61-71. [2]. Akira Fujimori, et al. YM598, an Orally Active ET(A) Receptor Antagonist, Ameliorates the Progression of Cardiopulmonary Changes and Both-Side Heart Failure in Rats With Cor Pulmonale and Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Nov;44 Suppl 1:S354-7.