1-Palmitoyl lysophosphatidic acid (1-Palmitoyl LPA) is a LPA analog containing palmitic acid at the sn-1 position. LPA binds to one of five different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to mediate a variety of biological responses including cell proliferation, smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, neurite retraction, and cell motility. In addition to playing a role in the aforementioned biological responses, 1-palmitoyl LPA enhances the action of β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime) on various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen associated with pulmonary disease and pneumonia, via binding both Ca2+ and Mg2+.
DL-Glutamicacid, the conjugate acid of Glutamicacid, serves as a crucial metabolite. In comparison to the α and β polymorphs of L-Glutamicacid's second phase, DL-Glutamicacid exhibits enhanced stability[1].
L-Glutamicacid-15N is the 15N-labeled version of L-Glutamicacid, an excitatory neurotransmitter and an agonist at metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes. It directly activates the release of dopamine (DA) from dopaminergic terminals.
N-(4-Aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamicacid is an oxidation product and a metabolite of tetrahydrofolate.1Levels of N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamicacid are increased in the plasma of mice fed a high folic acid-containing diet.2 1.Reed, L.S., and Archer, M.C.Oxidation of tetrahydrofolic acid by airJ. Agric. Food Chem.28(4)801-805(1980) 2.Burton, M.A., Antoun, E., Penailillo, R.S., et al.Folic acid induces intake-related changes in the mammary tissue transcriptome of C57BL/6 miceNutrients12(9)2821(2020)