Osteocalcin (1-49) is a non-collagenous peptide that is secreted by osteoblasts and odontoblasts and comprises 1-2% of the total protein in bone. Secretion of osteocalcin (1-49) is stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and plasma levels increase in diseases that induce dysregulated bone turnover such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Osteocalcin (1-49) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and negatively correlated with high blood glucose levels in women. In vitro, osteocalcin induces chemotaxis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, human peripheral blood monocytes, and rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like characteristics. It is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) displaying an osteoblast-like phenotype and has been positively associated with calcification of aortic tissue and heart valves in humans.
Secretin (33-59), rat (TFA) is a 27-aa peptide, which acts on secretin receptor, and enhances the secretion of bicarbonate, enzymes, and K+ from the pancreas[1][2].
Human LL-37 is a 37 amino acid cationic (6+) peptide and has been widely studied. LL-37 penetrates the bacterial membrane and forms pores in the membrane.
Activated Protein C (390-404), human, a peptide derived from the vitamin K-dependent serine protease, effectively suppresses the anticoagulant activity of APC[1].
(Cys47)-HIV-1 tat Protein (47-57) possesses membrane translocation functionality and can serve as a surface derivatization agent for magnetic pharmaceuticals, thereby enhancing their uptake into specific target cells.
Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is a neuropeptide produced in the brain by the AgRP/NPY neuron. It is only synthesized in NPY containing cell bodies located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. The appetite-stimulating effect
The peptide region containing residues 390-404 in Activated Protein C (APC) is essential for anticoagulant activity and is available for interaction with antibodies or with other proteins, such as the macromolecular substrates Factors Va or VIIIa. APC reg