Complement factor D-IN-1 is an effective and selective small-molecule reversible factor d inhibitor (IC50s: 0.006 and 0.05 μM in FD Thioesterolytic Fluorescent Assay and a MAC Deposition Assay, respectively).
1-Myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally occurring lysophospholipid. It induces transient increases in intracellular calcium in PC12 cells. Serum levels of 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE are elevated in patients with malignant breast cancer compared to healthy controls.
1-Stearoyl-2-adrenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid and adrenic acid at thesn-1 andsn-2 positions, respectively. 1-Stearoyl-2-adrenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE levels are inversely correlated with subject age in mitochondria isolated from human post-mortem hippocampus.1 1.Hancock, S.E., Friedrich, M.G., Mitchell, T.W., et al.Decreases in phospholipids containing adrenic and arachidonic acids occur in the human hippocampus over the adult lifespanLipids50(9)861-872(2015)
Phosphatidylethanolamines are important components of cell membranes and biochemical pathways of fatty acid synthesis. 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl PE (PLPE) is one of the many phosphatidylethanolamines that may be present in cellular membranes. It has been used in studies involving the biosynthesis of anandamide via the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lysoPLD pathways. PLPE can also be used as a specific substrate to assess the activity of sPLA2-IIA in the presence of other phospholipids.
1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HpETE at the sn-2 position. It is produced via oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). 1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HpETE-sn-glycero-3-PE (0.6 and 0.9 μM) increases ferroptotic cell death in wild-type and Acsl4 knockout Pfa1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with the GPX4 inhibitor RSL3.
1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE serves as an internal standard for quantifying 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE, a lysophospholipid naturally found to inhibit L. donovani promastigotes growth (GI50= 8 µM). Its levels are reduced in mice after alcohol-induced liver damage, in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenografts, and in humans following a rigorous three-day exercise regimen of 2.5 hours running daily and 14 hours post-regimen. This compound is also applied in measuring saturated lysophosphoethanolamines, highlighting its broad utility in biochemical research and disease model studies.
Atrial natriuretic factor (1-28) from both human and porcine sources is a powerful suppressor of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, while it only has a modest inhibition effect on βEP-LI release.
1-Stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE is a phospholipid that contains stearic acid at the sn-1 position and 15(S)-HETE at the sn-2 position. It is formed in human peripheral monocytes activated by the calcium ionophore A23187 by direct oxidation of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE by 15-LO. Phosphoethanolamine (PE) HETEs (PE-HETEs), including 1-stearoyl-2-15(S)-HETE-sn-glycero-3-PE, are the main source of esterified HETE in ionophore-activated monocytes.
1-1(Z)-Hexadecenyl-2-palmitoyl-d9-sn-glycero-3-PE serves as an internal standard for quantitating 1-1(Z)-hexadecenyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, which is a plasmalogen incorporating 1(Z)-hexadecanoic acid and palmitic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions respectively, in analyses performed using GC- or LC-MS.
1-1(Z)-Hexadecenyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, a plasmalogen, incorporates 1(Z)-hexadecenoic acid and palmitic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively.
1-Palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, a phospholipid comprising palmitic acid (at the sn-1 position) and docosahexaenoic acid (at the sn-2 position), is present in the nucleus of mouse liver but absent from mitochondria. Notably, its levels in pre-term infant plasma are lower compared to those in maternal or fetal plasma.
Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (brain-derived aFGF) (1-11) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived aFGF. Brain-derived aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. aFGF (1-11) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-11 of the full length peptide.
1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid. [1] It inhibits the growth of L. donovani promastigotes (GIC50 = 8 uM). [2]1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE serum levels are decreased in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury and in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft model. [3] Human serum levels are also decreased immediately and 14 hours following an exercise regimen of 2.5 hours of running for three days. [1]1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of saturated lysophosphoethanolamines. [4]
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) (1-28), rat (TFA), is the primary circulating form of ANP in rats and significantly inhibits Ang II-stimulated secretion of endothelin-1.
1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, a phospholipid comprising palmitic acid and arachidonic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions respectively, is identified in egg yolk and isolated rat retina.
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 1) is expressed
1-Palmitoyl-d9-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE serves as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-DPPE) using GC- or LC-MS. 1,2-DPPE, a prevalent PE (phospholipid), contains C16:0 fatty acids at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and is essential in the inner plasma membrane leaflet. This compound forms a condensed lipid monolayer with cholesterol through tight hydrogen bonding between 1,2-DPPE headgroups, enhancing membrane fluidity to support transport and signaling.
Brain-derived basic fibroblast growth factor (1-24) (brain-derived bFGF) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived bFGF. bFGF is a peptide produced in bovine brain that is protective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. bFGF (1-24) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-24 of the full length peptide.