High affinity apelin receptor agonist (Ki = 14 nM). Bioactive fragment of ELA-32. Inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment in vitro.
Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1
High affinity apelin receptor agonist. Binds apelin receptors in left ventricle from normal and pulmonary arterial hypertensive (PAH) hearts (pKi values are 9.31 and 9.46, respectively). Bioactive fragment of ELA-32. Inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP produc
ELA-11(human) TFA is a high affinityapelin receptoragonist (Ki=14 nM). ELA-11(human) TFA is a bioactive fragment of ELA-32. ELA-11(human) TFA inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP production and stimulates β-arrestin recruitment in vitro.
Potent, high affinity apelin receptor agonist (IC50 = 0.27 nM; Kd = 0.51 nM). Exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. Activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. Also potentiates the T
ELA-32(human) TFA is a potent, high affinityapelin receptoragonist (IC50=0.27 nM; Kd=0.51 nM). ELA-32(human) TFA exhibits no binding GPR15 and GPR25. ELA-32(human) TFA activates the PI3K AKT pathway and promotes self-renewal of hESCs via cell-cycle progression and protein translation. ELA-32(human) TFA also potentiates the TGFβ pathway, priming hESCs toward the endoderm lineage. ELA-32(human) TFA stimulates angiogenesis in HUVEC cells.