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Mal-VC-PAB-PNP-CDN-A是一种ADC活性分子与linker偶联物，具有特定的生物化学功能。

CDN-A为一种环二核苷酸，主要用于抗体-活性分子偶联物(ADC)的合成。作为先天免疫及适应性免疫反应的关键激活剂，环状二核苷酸能由内源性外来DNA或侵入性细菌病原体生成，在人体内通过促进干扰素基因表达激活先天免疫系统。

CDN1163 是肌膜/内质网 Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)的变构激活剂，可改善 Ca2+稳态，可减轻糖尿病和代谢紊乱。

2'2'-cGAMP is a synthetic dinucleotide (CDN) that contains non-canonical 2'5'-phosphodiester bonds. It binds to the adapter protein stimulator of interferon genes , which is a component of the innate immune response that activates the type I interferon pathway when bound to cyclic dinucleotides. 2'2-cGAMP shows weaker binding to STING than 2'3'-cGAMP but binds more strongly than 3'3'-cGAMP , cyclic di-GMP , or 3'2'-cGAMP, which bind in the micromolar range (Kds = 1.04, 1.21, or 1.61 μM, respectively). Despite weaker binding, 2'2'-cGAMP induces IFN-β production in the same concentration range as 2'3'-cGAMP (EC50s = 15.8 and 19.4 nM, respectively, in L929 cells).

Cyclic di-UMP is a pyrimidine-containing cyclic dinucleotide (CDN).1It is produced by bacterial cGAS DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), such as LpCdnE02 fromL. pneumophila, and binds to cGAS, in the apo or dsDNA-bound forms, with reduced affinity compared to 2'3'-cGAMP or 3'3'-cGAMP .1,2Cyclic di-UMP is intended for use as a negative control for cyclic di-GMP signaling. 1.Whiteley, A.T., Eaglesham, J.B., de Oliveira Mann, C.C., et al.Bacterial cGAS-like enzymes synthesize diverse nucleotide signalsNature564(7747)194-199(2019) 2.Hall, J., Ralph, E.C., Shanker, S., et al.The catalytic mechanism of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibitionProtein Sci.26(12)2367-2380(2017)

BI 7446 是一种基于环状二核苷酸 (CDN) 的高效、特异性STING (干扰素基因刺激蛋白) 激动剂。它能激活所有五种STING变体并在体外诱导肿瘤特异性的免疫介导反应，从而消除肿瘤。此化合物适用于免疫肿瘤学领域的研究。

SN-011 (GUN35901) 是选择性 STING 抑制剂，可与环状二核苷酸 (CDN) 竞争 STING 二聚体的结合口袋，从而阻断 CDN 结合和 STING 激活。它用于 STING 驱动的自身免疫和炎症性疾病的研究，抑制 STING 信号传导的 IC50值为 76 nM。

C82 acts as an inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cyclic dinucleotide phosphodiesterase (CdnP), with an IC50 value of 17.5 µM. This particular enzyme is responsible for breaking down cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) into adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP). Notably, C82 demonstrates selectivity for Mtb CdnP over other bacterial cyclic dinucleotide phosphodiesterases (CDN PDEs) such as Yybt, RocR, and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) CdnP, as well as the mammalian CDN PDE ENPP1, and the viral CDN PDE poxin, showing effectiveness at a concentration of 200 µM.

cGAMP disodium 是在细菌中发现的一种环二核苷酸 (CDN) ，可作为内源性第二信使，影响干扰素的产生以响应胞浆 DNA。cGAMP disodium 通过激活干扰素基因刺激因子 (STING)使 I 型干扰素和其他免疫介质的信号产生级联现象。cGAMP disodium 是一种有效的舌下免疫佐剂，能使免疫功能（血清抗 PA 中和和气道分泌物抗 PA SIgA 反应） 更好的发挥作用。