C2 L-threoCeramide is a bioactive sphingolipid and cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. It stimulates cholesterol efflux in CHO cells expressing the human ABCA1 receptor when used at a concentration of 10 μM, however, this efflux is 50% less than that stimulated by C2ceramide . C2 L-threoCeramide inhibits IL-4 production by 17% in EL4 T cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at a concentration of 10 μM. It also induces cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and a 7-fold increase in sphingosine accumulation as well as inhibits growth of HL-60 leukemia cells.
C-Peptide 2, rat, a 31-amino-acid peptide, serves as a constituent in proinsulin. It possesses the ability to hinder glucose-triggered insulin secretion.
1-(3',5'-dimethoxy)phenyl-2-[4''-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (6→1)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]phenylethane showed cytotoxic activities to Hela and hep2 cell lines.
L-threo-PPMP is an inhibitor of GlcT, which is the UDP-Glc: Ceramide β1,1glucosyltransferase enzyme. It effectively inhibits glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, while also inducing apoptosis. These properties of L-threo-PPMP contribute to its notable anti-cancer activity.
L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression.