Mead acid, a 20-carbon ω-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid, experiences elevated levels in human plasma under conditions of essential fatty acid deficiency. As 1,25(Z),8(Z),11(Z)-Eicosatrienoic Acid methyl ester (Mead acid methyl ester), it frequently serves as a standard for fatty acid analysis, particularly after fatty acids have been transesterified into methyl esters.
10(E),12(Z)-Conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester serves as a standard for quantifying 10(E),12(Z)-conjugated linoleic acid in L. plantarum culture samples. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1254]
10-Methyl palmitic acid methyl ester is a methylated derivative of fatty acid methyl ester, identified in glycolipid analogs with cyclitol from P. crassa. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1792]
2-hydroxy Stearic acid is a hydroxylated fatty acid methyl ester that broadens phase transition in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) lipid membranes. It has been used in the synthesis of lipid-nucleotide conjugate anti-HIV agents to increase phosphodiester bond cleavage and the amount of liberated intracellular nucleotides.
Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in Korean pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oils. Both oils have been found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing maritime pine seed oil (MPSO) lowered high-density lipoprotein and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to diminish cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine seed oil supplements may help in obesity by reduction of appetite. People taking this oil had an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a reduced desire to eat. The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not converted to arachidonic acid metabolically and can reduce arachidonic acid levels in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid ethyl ester (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil. α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats. It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ. In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC50 of 20 μM. It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC50s ranging from ~5-20 μM for different isoforms of the enzymes. α-ESA ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.
Ursonic acid methyl ester, an esterified derivative of Ursolic acid, exhibits growth inhibitory activity against four tumor cell lines: HL-60, BGC, Bel-7402, and Hela, and the ED50 values for inhibition are >100 μg ml.
Bromo-PEG5-phosphonic acid diethyl ester is a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based linker for PROTAC synthesis[1]. It is utilized in the construction of PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs), which are heterobifunctional molecules designed to induce protein degradation.
Dimethyl sebacate was used in the biosynthesis of oligomeric sebacates, lubricant oils. Dimethyl sebacate was a convenient starting material for cyclization of N-Succinylglycine dimethyl ester. Dimethyl sebacate was also used to prepare polytetramethylene