L-lysine lactam is a building block.1,2It has been used in the synthesis of lysine sulfonamide HIV protease inhibitors, as well as bengamide derivatives within vitroanticancer activity.
N-Fmoc-N'-(azido-PEG4)-L-Lysine-PFP ester is a alkyl ether-based linker for PROTACs which joins two essential ligands, crucial for forming PROTAC molecules. This linker enables selective protein degradation by leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system within cells.
Nε-(1-Carboxymethyl)-L-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product (AGE), is formed through the oxidative modification of glycated proteins under conditions of oxidative stress.1,2,3 Its levels escalate with age, diabetes, cancer, vascular diseases, and various pathologies associated with oxidative stress.1,4,5 CML interacts with the membrane-bound receptor for AGEs (RAGE), initiating signaling via MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Conversely, a truncated version of RAGE generates a soluble protein that sequesters CML, thereby diminishing this signaling.6,7
Nε-(1-Carboxyethyl)-L-lysine (CEL), a known advanced glycation end product (AGE), forms through the interaction of methyl glyoxal and lysine residues within proteins. Unlike its free form, protein-bound CEL can attach to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Its concentrations are notably higher in the lenses of diabetic cataract patients and are reduced in rat heart mitochondria following sustained caloric restriction. Furthermore, at 1 mM, CEL impedes glutamate uptake and the release of S100B in rat hippocampal slices, an effect that occurs independently of RAGE.
N-ε-propargyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine (H-L-Lys(Poc)-OH) is an unnatural amino acid (UAA) derived from lysine. It is commonly employed for bio-conjugation purposes, specifically for attaching fluorescent probes in a variety of organisms ranging from E. coli to mammalian cells, including animals.
NH2-C5-PEG4-N3-L-Lysine-PEG3-N3 is a seven-unit cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) linker employed in the synthesis of ADCs[1].