cis-isomer

ACAT-IN-1 cis isomer是一种有效的 ACAT 抑制剂（IC50：100 nM），可用于研究免疫系统相关疾病。

cis-4-Hydroxy-L-proline 是脯氨酸的一种类似物，抑制胶原蛋白的产生。它通过阻止三层螺旋胶原在细胞层上的沉积从而抑制成纤维细胞的生长。它还可抑制原发性N-亚硝基甲基脲诱导的大鼠乳腺肿瘤的生长。

trans-Urocanic Acid ((E)-Urocanic acid) 是一种主要分布于海马体和前额叶皮层的化合物，是顺式UCA的异构体，是表皮紫外线保护剂，可增强替诺福韦艾拉酚胺在长效HIV应用中的稳定性。trans-urocanic acid 可有效调节免疫功能，可在体外抑制人类自然杀伤细胞的活性，可用于研究阿尔茨海默病。

Resveratrol is a potent phenolic antioxidant found in grapes, red wine, and various berries that also has antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. cis-Resveratrol is the double bond isomer of trans-resveratrol, the more often studied and naturally abundant of the two resveratrol isomers. cis-Resveratrol exhibits antioxidant activity in the µM range similar to that observed with trans-resveratrol. It blocks production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase and also inhibits production of nitric oxide. At a concentration of 100 µM, cis-resveratrol significantly inhibits the expression of genes related to the Rel NF-κB IκB family, adhesion molecules, and acute-phase proteins in LPS and INF-γ-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. cis-Resveratrol inhibits uptake of noradrenaline and 5-HT by synaptosomes from rat brain with IC50 values of 79 and 51 µM, respectively. It also inhibits human monoamine oxidase-A (MOA-A) and MOA-B with IC50 values of 25 and 61 µM, respectively, which is similar to, but slightly less effective than, values obtained with trans-resveratrol.

RK-20448 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Lck, Src, KDR/VEGF2R, and Tie-2. It also inhibits BLK, Csk, Fyn, and Lyn. RK-20448 is the cis isomer of A-419259

Photoswitchable PAD inhibitor is a photoactivated protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and a derivative of BB-Cl-amidine that contains an azobenzene photoswitch allowing optical control of PAD activity.1 Without photoactivation, it is a weak inhibitor of PAD2 (IC50 = >100 μM) and is less potent than BB-Cl-amidine in inhibiting citrulline production in vitro (kinact/KIs = 2,300, 600, 1,000, and 10,510 M-1min-1 for PAD1-4, respectively) and does not inhibit histone H3 citrullination in HEK293T cells overexpressing PAD2 when used at concentrations up to 100 μM. However, it can rapidly be photoactivated with UV-A radiation to the more active cis-isomer, which is an irreversible, competitive inhibitor of histone H3 citrullination with an IC50 value of 9.1 μM.References1. Mondal, S., Parelkar, S.S., Nagar, M., et al. Photochemical control of protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity. ACS Chem. Biol. 13(4), 1057-1065 (2018). Photoswitchable PAD inhibitor is a photoactivated protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and a derivative of BB-Cl-amidine that contains an azobenzene photoswitch allowing optical control of PAD activity.1 Without photoactivation, it is a weak inhibitor of PAD2 (IC50 = >100 μM) and is less potent than BB-Cl-amidine in inhibiting citrulline production in vitro (kinact/KIs = 2,300, 600, 1,000, and 10,510 M-1min-1 for PAD1-4, respectively) and does not inhibit histone H3 citrullination in HEK293T cells overexpressing PAD2 when used at concentrations up to 100 μM. However, it can rapidly be photoactivated with UV-A radiation to the more active cis-isomer, which is an irreversible, competitive inhibitor of histone H3 citrullination with an IC50 value of 9.1 μM. References1. Mondal, S., Parelkar, S.S., Nagar, M., et al. Photochemical control of protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity. ACS Chem. Biol. 13(4), 1057-1065 (2018).

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob/obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

(Z)-Aconitic acid 是 Aconitic acid 的顺式异构体。它是三羧酸循环中柠檬酸盐异构化为异柠檬酸盐的中间产物。

cis,trans-Germacrone 是 Germacrone 的异构体。Germacrone 具有广泛的抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗炎作用。Germacrone 抑制肺癌细胞增殖并改变 Akt/MDM2/p53。Germacrone 还能在 G1/S 期阻滞细胞周期。

13-cis-Vitamin A palmitate（13-cis-Retinyl palmitate）是一种在玉米片中发现的维生素A棕榈酸酯的13-顺式异构体。其生物活性相当于全反式维生素A棕榈酸酯（维生素A具生物活性形式）的75%。

13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic acid (13-epi-12-oxo PDA) is a lipoxygenase metabolite of α-linolenic acid in the leaves of green plants such as corn. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants are substrates for plant lipoxygenases. 12-oxo PDA is one of the best studied end metabolites of this enzymatic pathway. While the initial enzymatic product and major isomer of 12-oxo PDA contains side chains in the cis position, both being β to the ring, the upper side chain attached at C-13, can and frequently does, isomerize when 12-oxo PDA is extracted, isolated, or stored. 13-epi-12-oxo PDA is the product of this isomerization.

11-cisRetinol is an isomer of vitamin A . It is formed from vitamin A,viaatrans-retinyl ester intermediate, by the enzyme RPE65 in the retinal pigment epithelium and then converted to 11-cis retinal as part of the visual cycle.1,211-cisRetinol is an agonist of salamander and human red rod opsins expressed in COS cells and an inverse agonist of salamander red cone opsin, as well as human red and green cone opsins expressed in COS cells.3It promotes pigment formation in cone, but not rod, photoreceptors. 1.Rando, R.R.The biochemistry of the visual cycleChem. Rev.101(7)1881-1896(2001) 2.Guignard, T.J.P., Jin, M., Pequignot, M.O., et al.FATP1 inhibits 11-cis retinol formation via interaction with the visual cycle retinoid isomerase RPE65 and lecithin: Retinol acyltransferaseJ. Biol. Chem.285(24)18759-18768(2010) 3.Ala-Laurila, P., Cornwall, M.C., Crouch, R.K., et al.The action of 11-cis-retinol on cone opsins and intact cone photoreceptorsJ. Biol. Chem.284(24)16492-16500(2009)

Cloprostenol is a synthetic derivative of prostaglandin F2α that is used in veterinary medicine as a luteolytic agent for the induction of estrus and in the treatment of reproductive disorders in cattle, swine, and horses. (+)-5-trans Cloprostenol is a minor impurity produced in the synthesis of (+)-cloprostenol. The (+)-5-trans isomer is 20-fold less active than the 5-cis form in terminating pregnancy in the hamster.

5-cis Carbaprostacyclin is a stable analog of PGI2 and an isomer of carbaprostacyclin. It is a weak inhibitor of human platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 2.8 μM compared to 0.3 μM for carbaprostacyclin. 5-cis Carbaprostacyclin is a much weaker effector of rabbit mesenteric artery relaxation with an EC50 of 104 μM compared to 5.9 μM for carbaprostacyclin. It even antagonizes the adenylate cyclase activation induced by carbaprostacyclin.

The lipoxins are trihydroxy fatty acids containing a 7,9,11,13-conjugated tetraene. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was first described as a metabolite of 15-HpETE and or 15-HETE when added in vitro to isolated human leukocytes. The material obtained in this manner consists of at least four distinct isomers: 5(S), 6(S); 5(S), 6(R); and the 11-trans and 11-cis isomers of each of these. 6(S)-LXA4 is one of the original four metabolites first identified by Serhan, Nicolaou, and Samuelsson. It was considered to be an artifact by these authors because it lacked the potency of the 5(S),6(R) isomer with respect to contraction of isolated guinea pig lung parenchymal strips. It has not been possible to isolate natural LXA4 from humans or other mammals in amounts sufficient for determination of absolute stereochemistry. Most authors refer to LXA4 as the 5(S)

DPA (二十二碳五烯酸) 是一种含有22个碳原子的脂肪酸，主要来源于鱼油，占人体总血清不饱和脂肪酸的0.1%至1%，其含量可随膳食补充剂摄入增加而上升。all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA（奥斯键酸）作为DPA的一种异构体，通过花生四烯酸的延伸和脱饱和生成的ω-6脂肪酸。在脂肪酸脱饱和酶综合征期间，all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA的水平下降可能会干扰正常发育。在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中，一种与肝细胞癌相关的癌前病症，超长脂肪酸蛋白6的肝脏表达增加，同时超长链脂肪酸水平上升，包括all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA。

Cis-8-Octadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid and isomer of oleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, trans-petroselinic acid, and cis-petroselinic acid, is present in partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and milk fat.

Cis-12-Octadecenoic acid, a monounsaturated C-18 fatty acid and positional isomer of oleic acid, exhibits enhanced lipid solubility in its methyl ester form, which serves as an analytical standard.

9-cis-Vitamin A palmitate (9-cis-Retinyl palmitate) is a 9-cis isomer resulting from the interaction of vitamin A palmitate in corn flakes. It exhibits a biological activity of 26% compared to all-trans-vitamin A palmitate, which is known to be the most biologically active form of vitamin A.

All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA) methyl ester, also known as Osbond acid, is an isomer of DPA and a more lipid-soluble variant of the free acid, primarily found in fish oils as an ω-3, 22-carbon fatty acid. Despite being an ω-6 fatty acid synthesized through the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid, its levels can decrease due to fatty acid desaturase syndrome, potentially impacting development. Additionally, increased expression of hepatic elongation of very long fatty acids protein 6 and elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids, including all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA, are indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that precedes hepatocellular carcinoma.

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is one of the five principal prostaglandins enzymatically derived from PGH2. It is abundantly generated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by lipocalin-type PGD synthase and in peripheral regions by myeloid cells, such as mast cells and basophils, via leukocyte-type PGD synthase. The compound 1,25-trans-PGD2 is an isomer of PGD2, characterized by the alteration of the double bond between carbons 5 and 6 from cis(Z) to trans(E). This trans isomer, found as a 2-5% impurity in most commercial PGD2 bulk drug preparations, is primarily synthesized as an analytical standard to identify and quantify this impurity. Based on existing studies of trans isomers of F-type prostaglandins, 5-trans-PGD2 likely exhibits biological activity comparable to its cis isomer, although no specific published reports confirm this for 5-trans-PGD2.

Latanoprost is an F-series prostaglandin analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. 5-trans Latanoprost is an isomer of latanoprost wherein the double bond between carbons 5 and 6 has been changed from cis (Z) to trans (E). The trans isomer of latanoprost occurs as an impurity of between 2-5% in most commercial preparations of the bulk drug product. The present compound was prepared primarily as an analytical standard for detection and quantitation of this impurity. From what can be inferred from the study of other trans isomers of F-type prostaglandins, 5-trans latanoprost's biological activity is likely to be similar to that of the cis isomer. However, there are no specific published reports on the biological activity, and on the intraocular hypotensive activity in particular, of 5-trans latanoprost.

13-cis-Retinyl acetate (13-cis-Retinol acetate; 13-cis-Vitamin A acetate)，视黄醇乙酸酯的13-顺式异构体，是维生素A的一个活性代谢物。

cis-Lomibuvir (cis-VX-222) 是 Lomibuvir 的顺式异构体。Lomibuvir (VX-222) 是一种选择性的非核苷聚合酶抑制剂，靶向丙型肝炎病毒 NS5B 聚合酶 (RdRp) 的拇指口袋 2，Kd 为 17 nM。Lomibuvir 抑制 1b/Con1 型 HCV 亚基因组复制子，EC50为 5.2 nM。Lomibuvir 优先抑制延长的 RNA 合成，而非从头合成的 RNA。

Latanoprost is an F-series prostaglandin (PG) analog which has been approved for use as an ocular hypotensive drug. Latanoprost is an isopropyl ester, a prodrug form which is converted to latanoprost (free acid) by endogenous esterase enzymes. The free acid form is 200 times more potent than latanoprost as a ligand for the human recombinant FP receptor. 5-trans Latanoprost (free acid) is an isomer of latanoprost (free acid) wherein the double bond between carbons 5 and 6 has been changed from cis (Z) to trans (E). The trans isomer of latanoprost occurs as an impurity in commercial preparations of the bulk drug product. The present compound was prepared primarily as an analytical standard for detection and quantitation of this impurity. From what can be inferred from the study of other trans isomers of F-type prostaglandins, the biological activity of this isomer is likely to be similar to that of the cis isomer. However, there are no specific published reports on the biological activity, and on reducing intraocular pressure in particular, of 5-trans latanoprost.

AEW541, also known as NVP-AEW541, is a novel, potent IGF-IR kinase inhibitor. NVP-AEW541 is capable of distinguishing between the IGF-IR (IC50 = 0.086 microM) and the closely related InsR (IC50 = 2.3 microM) in cells. NVP- AEW541 abrogates IGF-I-mediated survival and colony formation in soft agar at concentrations that are consistent with inhibition of IGF-IR autophosphorylation. Note: AEW541 has a Cis-configuration on the cyclobutane ring. Its CAS# is 475489-16-8. Many vendors and Sc-finder scholar made mistake - AEW541 was mistakenly listed as CAS#475488-34-7, the trans-isomer of AEW541. The correct structure of AEW541 can be confirmed from Joel Slade, et al (from Novartis), Org. Process Res. Dev. 2007, 11, 5, 825–835.

Lomibuvir (VCH-222) 是丙型肝炎病毒 NS5B 聚合酶的一种非核苷变构抑制剂，Kd 值为 17 nM，已证明具有临床疗效。Lomibuvir 抑制 1b Con1 型 HCV 亚基因组复制子，EC50为 5.2 nM。Lomibuvir 优先抑制延长的 RNA 合成，而非从头合成的 RNA。

Zuclomiphene citrate is a cis isomer of Clomiphene citrate, and has an antiestrogenic effect and can inhibit the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) more than the trans isomer.

Z-CITCO是构成型雄甾烷受体（CAR；在报告基因测定中，对人类受体的EC50 = 3.9 µM）的激动剂，同时也是CAR激动剂CITCO的顺式异构体。

Cis-Zeatin, a cytokinin plant growth regulator and an isomer of trans-zeatin, promotes callus growth in isolated N. tabacum callus tissue at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 µM.

(Z)-Capsaicin (Zucapsaicin) 是天然辣椒素的合成顺式异构体，用于治疗膝骨关节炎。它是一种可口服的 TRPV1激动剂，可研究神经性疼痛。