11-cis Retinal is a chromophore that binds to opsin in the mammalian visual system as an inverse agonist forming the inactive conformation of rhodopsin. When 11-cis retinal absorbs a photon of light, it isomerizes to form all-trans retinal beginning the phototransduction cycle, which is the basis for mammalian vision. A G121L mutation in opsin allows 11-cis retinal to bind as a partial agonist and activate rhodopsin in the absence of light. In a moth model of carotenoid deficiency-induced low visual sensitivity, 11-cis retinal application to compound eyes restored visual sensitivity almost completely.
FC 11 is a highly potent focal adhesion Ki nase (FAK) PROTAC®Degrader (DC50 values are 40 to 370 pM depending on cell line), which is composed of the FAK inhibitor PF 562217 joined by a linker to the cereblon-binding ligand Pomalidomide. The effects of FC 11 are reversible upon compound wash out. FC 11 also degrades autophosphorylated FAK (pFAKtyr397), displaying near complete degradation after 3 hours at 100 nM in TM3 cells.