Methylene Blue (Tetramethylthionine chloride) (IC50 of 1.9 μM) inhibits tau filament formation. And it inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase. It is also used as a dye in chromoendoscopy.

Tau aggregation:1.9 μM, GC:

MB通过产生超氧阴离子直接灭活一氧化氮，并可能抑制一氧化氮合酶自身的活性。除了干扰一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷通路外，MB还直接激活钙依赖性钾通道并增强去甲肾上腺素从细胞内储存的释放。

Methylene Blue通过抑制鸟苷酸环化酶来降低C-GMP和血管平滑肌的放松。药代动力学研究表明，通过血管给药的MB会快速且大量积聚于中枢神经系统(CNS)。静脉注射MB时，它会选择性地聚集在甲状旁腺，因此在手术过程中易于识别这些结构。

Isolated Integrin Binding Assays.:Purified integrin (1 μg/mL; 4℃) is used to coat 96-well microtitre plates, which are then blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (3% in 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2,10 pM MnCl2, 100 mM NaC1,50 mM Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane; pH 7.4), and incubated (3 h at 30 ℃) with biotinylated ligands (1 pg/mL in binding buffer: 0.1% BSA, 1 mM CaCl2,1 mM MgCl2, 10 μM MnCl2, 100 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane; pH 7.4) in the presence or absence of serially diluted peptides. After washing (3×5 min with binding buffer), the bound biotinylated ligand is detected with alkaline-phosphatase conjugated goat anti-biotin antibodies (1 μg/mL; 1 h, 37℃), using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as chromogen. Cyclo (-RGDfK) binding in the absence of competitor is defined as 100% signal; binding to blocked wells in the absence of integrin is defined as 0%. Concentrations of Cyclo (-RGDfK) required for 50% inhibition of signal (IC50 values) are estimated graphically.

Immature neuroblasts, isolated from the newborn rat subventricular zone, differentiate into γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated neurons are exposed at the sixth day in vitro to MB (10 μM) for 2h. Assess the survival and dendritic arbor architecture of these cells 48h after this treatment paradigm.

MB (5 or 50 mg/kg) diluted in normal saline were injected intraarterially into Sprague- Dawley male rats over the 30s.