Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (BML-275 2HCl) is an AMPK inhibitor (Ki=109 nM) that is selective and ATP-competitive. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride inhibits the BMP type I receptors ALK2, ALK3, and ALK6. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride induces autophagy, and possesses antitumor activity.

AMPK:109 nM (cell free)

方法：人肿瘤细胞 HeLa 和 HCT116 用 Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (1.25-80 μM) 处理 24 h，使用 CCK-8 assay 检测细胞活力。
结果：Dorsomorphin 抑制 HeLa 和 HCT116 细胞的活力，IC50 值分别为 10.71 μM 和 11.34 μM。[1]
方法：ATL 患者来源的 PBMCs 细胞用 Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (5-25 μM) 处理 24 h，使用 Flow Cytometry 检测细胞凋亡情况。
结果：Dorsomorphin 以剂量依赖的方式增加了急性和慢性型 ATL 患者 PBMC 中早期凋亡细胞的频率。[2]

方法：为检测体内抗肿瘤活性，将 Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg) 腹腔注射给携带人类肿瘤 S1T 的 NOD/SCID 小鼠，每天一次，持续二十八天。
结果：Dorsomorphin 抑制了 NOD/SCID 小鼠中人 ATL 肿瘤异种移植物的生长。[2]
方法：为检测体内对 SMAD 活性的影响，将 Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg) 单次腹腔注射给 iron-dextran 处理的 C57BL/6 小鼠。
结果：Dorsomorphin 消除了 iron-dextran 引起的铁介导的肝脏 SMAD1/5/8 磷酸化的增加。[3]

Liver AMPK was partially purified from male SD rats to the blue-Sepharose step. The 100-μl reaction mixture contained 100 μM AMP, 100 μM ATP (0.5 μCi 33P-ATP per reaction), and 50 μM SAMS in a buffer (40 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 80 mM NaCl, 0.8 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.025% BSA, and 0.8 mM DTT). The reaction was initiated with the addition of the enzyme. After a 30-minute incubation at 30°C, the reaction was stopped by addition of 80 μl 1% H3PO4. Aliquots (100 μl) were transferred to 96-well MultiScreen plates. The plate was washed three times with 1% H3PO4 followed by detection in a Top-count. The in vitro AMPK inhibition data obtained with compound C — (6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl)]-3-pyridin-4-yl-pyyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine — were fit to the following equation for competitive inhibition by nonlinear regression using a least-squares Marquardt algorithm in a computer program written by N. Thornberry of Merck Research Laboratories: Vi/Vo = (Km + S)/[S + Km × (1 + I/Ki)], where Vi is the inhibited velocity, Vo is the initial velocity, S is the substrate (ATP) concentration, Km is the Michaelis constant for ATP, I is the inhibitor (compound C) concentration, and Ki is the dissociation constant for compound C [1].

C2C12 cells were seeded into 96-well plates at 2,000 cells per well in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. Wells were treated in quadruplicate with BMP ligands and dorsomorphin or vehicle. Cells were harvested after 5 d in culture with 50 μl Tris-buffered saline, 1% Triton X-100. Lysates were added to p-nitro-phenylphosphate reagent in 96-well plates for 1 h, and alkaline phosphatase activity expressed as absorbance at 405 nM. Cell viability and quantity were measured by Cell-titer Glo and binding of nuclear dye CyQuant, respectively, using replicate wells treated identically to those used for alkaline phosphatase measurements [3].

12-week-old C57BL/6 mice raised on a standard diet were injected via the tail vein with 0.2 g kg?1 of dextran (average MW = 5,000) or 0.2 g kg?1 of iron-dextran USP. Dextran was injected with vehicle only, whereas iron-dextran was injected with either vehicle or dorsomorphin (10 mg/kg). 1 h after injection, mice were killed and liver segments were collected in 500 μl of SDS-lysis buffer and mechanically homogenized. 20 μl of liver extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. Total RNA was harvested using Trizol from mechanically homogenized mouse livers (6 h after injection with a single intraperitoneal dose of dorsomorphin (10 mg/kg) or DMSO) [3].