Dexamethasone acetate (NSC 39471) is the acetate salt form of Dexamethasone, a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to binding to specific nuclear steroid receptors, dexamethasone also interferes with NF-kB activation and apoptotic pathways. This agent lacks the salt-retaining properties of other related adrenal hormones.

Dexamethasone acetate通过抑制由IL-1诱导的人关节软骨细胞中的COX-2 mRNA表达。[1] Dexamethasone acetate降低由MC3T3-E1细胞中肿瘤坏死因子α (TNFα) 引起的环氧合酶-2的诱导，其IC50为1 nM。Dexamethasone acetate结合到糖皮质激素受体，并进而作用于糖皮质激素反应元件。[2] Dexamethasone acetate（10 μM）诱导大鼠骨髓基质细胞培养的成骨细胞分化，mRNA表达水平的碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白、骨硫蛋白和骨钙素上升。[3] Dexamethasone acetate（5 μM）处理抑制成年海马神经祖细胞的增殖以及SRE驱动的基因表达。[5]

Dexamethasone acetate（2 mg/kg）在雄性Fischer F344大鼠中，将BrdU标记的肝细胞数减少了80%。Dexamethasone acetate预处理在部分肝切除后抑制了TNF和IL-6的表达，并显著减少了雄性Fischer F344大鼠肝细胞的增殖反应。Dexamethasone acetate还严重减少了由2-乙酰氨基荧光烯（AAF/PH）方案诱导的椭圆细胞的诱导和扩增，但对由胆管结扎刺激的胆管细胞的增殖无任何影响。[4] Dexamethasone acetate（100 μg/kg）在Sprague–Dawley大鼠中显著降低了BrdU(+)海马祖细胞的数量，减少了59.2%。Dexamethasone acetate（100 μg/kg）降低了Sprague–Dawley大鼠齿状层中的ERK激活。[5]