Physalin B is one of the major active compounds from the Solanaceae family of plants and has a wide range of biological activities for the treatment of inflammatory eczema and herpes, among other diseases.Physalin B ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response due to acute lung injury by inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.Physalin B inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and phenotypic transformation through activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Physalin B inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation through activation of the Nrf2 pathway.Physalin B exerts antitumor activity by inhibiting LAP2α-HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of glioma-associated oncogene 1 and hepatic stellate cell activation.

Physalin B通过1.35 μmol/L的IC50值抑制了HCT116细胞的活性。Physalin B (2.5-10 μmol/L)的处理诱导了细胞凋亡、PARP和caspase-3的裂解。同时，Physalin B的处理诱导了自噬体的形成、LC3-II和p62的积累，但降低了Beclin 1蛋白水平。在经Physalin B处理的细胞中，观察到微管和F-actin微丝的显著变化，这导致了自噬体和溶酶体的共定位阻断。Physalin B处理以剂量依赖的方式增加了细胞中p38、ERK和JNK的磷酸化，而p38抑制剂SB202190、ERK抑制剂U0126或JNK抑制剂SP600125可以部分减少Physalin B诱导的PARP裂解和p62积累。此外，Physalin B处理以剂量依赖的方式增加了细胞中mito-ROS的产生，而ROS清除剂NAC可以逆转Physalin B诱导的效应，包括不完全的自噬反应、泛素化蛋白的积累、微管和F-actin的变化、p38、ERK和JNK的激活，以及细胞死亡和凋亡。Physalin B诱导mito-ROS，不仅抑制了泛素-蛋白酶体途径，而且在体外HCT116细胞中诱导了不完全的自噬反应。