Visomitin (SKQ1) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that decreases transmembrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

直接使用Visomitin (SkQ1) 处理肿瘤浸润性白细胞，并不影响其对Panc02细胞的细胞毒性。在500 nM浓度下，Visomitin显著抑制人类PDAC细胞的增殖，同时不影响细胞系的存活率。

在系统性血管生成因子方面，观察到携带胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）的小鼠在连续使用Visomitin（SkQ1）治疗的组别中，其血清中KC的水平有所下降。Visomitin治疗可提高VEGF分子的水平。在所有Visomitin治疗组或随后的治疗中，MIP1a和催乳素的含量均有所减少。同时，在接受Visomitin治疗的组别中发现IL-6和IL-13的含量增加。在预处理设置中，TGF-b的量减少。相反，Visomitin的所有治疗方案均降低了NKT细胞的百分比。Visomitin治疗延长了携带PDAC的小鼠的中位生存期，但差异并未达到明确定义的显著性水平。

Panc02 cells are treated 48 h with different concentrations of Visomitin (SkQ1). Cell viability after Visomitin treatment is measured with an EZ4U Kit as described by the manufacturers. Brie?y, 20,000 cells per well are seeded in 96-wellplates and let grow overnight. Afterwards, cells are treated without the medium exchange. A substrate compound from the kit is added and the cells are further incubated for 5 hr at 37°C to convert the yellow colored tetrazolium to its red formazan derivate by living cells. The absorbance is measured at 450 nm

Female C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. For experiments on both acute and chronic pancreatitis, mice are divided in three groups. Group A (acute pancreatitis (AP) n=8; chronic pancreatitis (CP) n=12) is treated with 5?nmol/kg Visomitin (SkQ1), group B (AP n=8; CP n=12) is the untreated control, and group C (AP n=8; CP n=7) is the sham group, which is injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl instead of cerulein and is therefore the negative control group without pancreatitis. For experiments on acute pancreatitis, mice are pretreated with Visomitin for 8 weeks prior to induction of pancreatitis. Mice designated for experiments on chronic pancreatitis receive Visomitin at the same concentration for 8 weeks in parallel with induction of pancreatitis