RC529-MDP is an immunological adjuvant that couples Toll-like receptors (TLR4a) and NOD-like receptors (NOD2a) to enhance the innate immune response through the TLR4 and NOD2 signaling pathways. In mouse models, RC529-MDP induces high levels of the cytokine interleukin-related factor (IL-6), highlighting its immunostimulatory activity. Additionally, when injected into mice models with ovalbumin (OVA), RC529-MDP elevates OVA-specific antibody responses, T cell responses, and the proportion of memory T cells.

RC529-MDP (偶联物) 在 Raw264.7 细胞中通过TLR4和NOD2信号通路展现其依赖性，其活性测量为9.3 μM，持续时间为20小时。相较于RC529 + MDP (混合物)，RC529-MDP (偶联物) 能使CD80和CD86的表达在细胞中提高1.7倍，显著增强抗原呈递细胞(APC)的成熟。

在小鼠体内，RC529-MDP偶联物令IL-6水平升高至6.8倍，展现出显著的协同效应。在小鼠的模型中，通过腹腔注射RC529-MDP (22.53 μg，i.p.) 显著增强了体液免疫反应，并提升了多种IgG亚型（IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b）的表达水平。通过皮下注射RC529-MDP (22.53 μg，s.c.) 并与OVA联合应用，能迅速激活小鼠模型中的适应性体液免疫，增加分泌T细胞因子，从而强化细胞免疫反应。此外，RC529-MDP (22.53 μg) 还能增加中枢记忆T细胞（Tcm）的比例，促进记忆响应的形成。