Astragaloside, one of the main active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus.

Astragaloside IV（10、20、40 ng/mL）抑制非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）细胞增殖，而低浓度的Astragaloside IV（1、2.5、5 ng/mL）对细胞活性无明显的细胞毒性。此外，Astragaloside IV的联合治疗显著提高了NSCLC细胞对顺铂的化疗敏感性。在分子水平上，Astragaloside IV联合顺铂治疗显著抑制了B7-H3的mRNA和蛋白质水平。Astragaloside IV抑制MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞的活力和侵袭能力，抑制有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK）家族成员ERK1/2和JNK的激活，并下调基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2和-9的表达。

Astragaloside IV（10, 20 mg/kg，口服）显示出强大的能力，预防由短暂脑缺血及再灌注引起的认知缺陷。Astragaloside IV（10mg/kg）和Astragaloside IV（20mg/kg）能显著降低相较于模型组这些细胞因子的水平。Astragaloside IV显著抑制TLR4及其下游蛋白的水平，表明MyD88依赖和独立途径在Astragaloside IV的抗炎效应中扮演重要角色。Astragaloside IV减轻NLRP3与裂解的caspase-1表达，并降低Iba1蛋白表达[1]。在小鼠模型中，高剂量的Astragaloside IV组在48小时存活率上显著提高[60%(9/15)对比13.3%(2/15)，P<0.05]，血清ALT和AST水平显著下降（P<0.01），肝脏组织病理学指数和肝细胞凋亡程度显著降低（P<0.01），以及肝匀浆中MDA含量显著减少（P<0.01）和SOD活性显著增加。

Briefly, MDA-MB-231 cells treated as indicated or tumor tissues are harvested and lysed in Mg2+ lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl2, 0.5 M NaCl, and protease inhibitor cocktail. Equal amounts of lysates are incubated with PAK-PBD beads at 4°C for 1 h. PAK-PBD beads are pelleted by centrifugation and washed with ish buffer containing 25 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 30 mM MgCl2, 40 mM NaCl. Active Rac1 is detected by western blotting.

Cell viability is determined by CCK-8 assay. To be brief, cultured NSCLC cells are seeded into 96-well plates at the density of 4×104 (cells/well). Then 10 μL?well CCK8 solution is added and incubated in dark at 37°C for another 2 h. The absorbance is determined with the wavelength of 490 nm.

Transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion is prepared by BCCAO, as BCCAO is considered an ideal model to study transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury-mediated inflammatory response. Mice are randomLy divided into the Sham, Model, Astragaloside IV (10 mg/kg) and Astragaloside IV (20 mg/kg) treatment groups. The Astragaloside IV treatment groups are intragastrically administered 7 days before the surgery and terminated on the day of sacrifice. On the day of the surgery, Astragaloside IV is administrated 2 h prior to ischemia. The Sham-operated and Model groups are treated with distilled water. After the mice are anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg), the bilateral common carotid arteries are exposed and carefully separated with a small ventral neck incision and occluded twice (20 min each) with ligated surgical silk as described previously with minor modifications. There is a 10 min reperfusion period between the two occlusion periods (ischemia 20 min ? reperfusion 10 min ? ischemia 20 min). Sham-operated mice are subjected to the same surgical operation without the surgical silk ligation. Mouse body temperature is maintained at 37±0.5°C during the surgery with heating equipment until recovery from the anesthesia.