2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium (AKG) is a key molecule in the TCA cycle. It can be produced from glutamate by oxidative deamination via glutamate dehydrogenase and as a product of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transamination reactions (mediated by branched-chain amino acid transaminases) in which glutamate is a common amino donor.

Tyrosinase:15 mM (IC50)

2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium是一种氮清除剂，也是谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺的来源，能刺激肌肉中蛋白质的合成并抑制蛋白质的降解。特别是，2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium能减少蛋白质的分解，增加蛋白质的合成，从而增强骨骼肌中骨组织的形成。最近的研究显示，2-Ketoglutaric acid Sodium可以通过抑制ATP合酶和TOR来延长成年C. elegans的寿命。结合分子氧，在产生I型胶原蛋白的过程中，α-酮戊二酸是必需的，用于脯氨酸向羟脯氨酸的羟化。近期研究表明，alpha-ketoglutarate通过耗尽谷氨酰胺促进TH1分化，并有助于调节性T细胞(Treg)的分化。