Amoxicillin (Amoxycillin) binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. Amoxicillin Anhydrous is the anhydrous form of a broad-spectrum, semisynthetic aminopenicillin antibiotic with bactericidal activity. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This interrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis.

与pH为1.0的盐酸相比,Amoxicillin在pH 7.8的磷酸盐缓冲液释放更快。在37℃、pH1.0的盐酸溶液中,Amoxicillin会发生降解,说明酸性环境下Amoxicillin稳定性较差。Amoxicillin（≤8 mg/ml）可使15株菌株中的4株受到抑制。Amoxicillin（4 mg/ml）与克拉维酸（≤2 mg/ml）联用可使15株菌株中的14株受到抑制。 与头孢噻肟酸（4 mg/ml）联用时,Amoxicillin对菌株的IC50从0.5 mg/ml降低到0.06 mg/ml,范围为0.01至0.25 mg/ml。经Amoxicillin处理,细胞会分泌大量的IL-5,并少量或不分泌IL-4,TNFα和干扰素-γ。Amoxicillin特异性T细胞克隆没有出药物特异性的细胞毒性,但在concanavalin A时存在杀死了靶细胞,这表明其主要能力是细胞溶解。