3-Deoxyglucosone(3-Deoxy-D-glucosone) is synthesized by the intermediate pathway of the melad and polyol reactions.3-Deoxyglucosone reacts rapidly with protein amino groups to form advanced glycosylated end proteins (AGEs).3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione peroxidase and synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion.3-Deoxyglucosone is used as a biomarker for diabetes mellitus.3-Deoxyglucosone has been shown to be an inhibitor of GLP-1 secretion in the presence of low glucose. 3-Deoxyglucosone inactivates glutathione oxidase, synergizes with low glucose to enhance GLP-1 secretion, and can be used as a biologic marker for diabetes.

3-Deoxyglucosone（80 ng/ml-1000 ng/ml；1小时；STC-1细胞）在300 ng/ml及1000 ng/ml的处理组中显著诱导GLP-1分泌增加1.23倍。然而，在80 ng/ml的较低浓度下，未观察到明显效应。值得注意的是，3-Deoxyglucosone在300 ng/ml的浓度显著提高了细胞内Ca2+水平，通过Fluo-3/AM（2.5 μM，30分钟）确定。相比之下，3DG不影响cAMP Elisa试验中的细胞内cAMP水平。此外，在300 ng/ml的浓度下，3-Deoxyglucosone显著增强了TAS1R2、TAS1R3和TRPM5的蛋白表达水平，无论是在无葡萄糖还是高葡萄糖条件下。

3-Deoxyglucosone (20 mg/kg；经口投给；单剂量)会导致葡萄糖耐量变差，这一变化通过Area Under the Curve (AUC)的增加得到证实。血浆胰高血糖素水平没有显示出显著差异。3-Deoxyglucosone的投给导致了显著的糖调节受损（IGR），伴随着昆明鼠和SD大鼠胰岛细胞功能明显的失调。[2] 3-deoxyglucosone (5-50 mg/kg；经胃管灌注；每天一次；2周；SD大鼠)在上小肠（1.4倍）、下小肠（1.4倍）、回肠（1.4倍）和结肠（两倍）部位展示了与各自对照组基础水平相比的显著增加。此外，观察到十二指肠和结肠中TAS1R2、TAS1R3和TRPM5的蛋白表达显著减少。[3]

Cell Line: STC-1 cells. Concentration: 300?ng/ml. Incubation Time: 1 hour [1]

Animal Model: SD rats. Dosage: 5, 20 and 50 mg/kg. Administration: oral administration; once daily; 2 weeks [3]